【正文】 today are going towards the agency39。s other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fireprone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lowerhazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change－h(huán)ow the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t e at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways, he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is bees very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire39。s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.【題干】More frequent wildfires have bee a national concern because in 2015 they_____.【選項(xiàng)】A．exhausted unprecedented management effortsB．consumed a recordhigh percentage of budgetC．severely damaged the ecology of western statesD．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】B
【解析】本題目是原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞wildfires和national concern，以及時(shí)間詞2015，定位到第二段首句。本句提到US花費(fèi)了大量的budget，與選項(xiàng)B中的budget原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，high是原文more than的同義轉(zhuǎn)化，consume同義替換原文spent。干擾項(xiàng)A的management是首段末句的人物Max Moritz的職位；選項(xiàng)C的western states是首段首句的though從句內(nèi)容，和題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于答非所問(wèn)；選項(xiàng)D的infrastructure是原文末尾的破折號(hào)里such as的內(nèi)容，兩個(gè)破折號(hào)里面一定不選。
37.【題干】Moritz calls for the use of a magnifying glass to _____.【選項(xiàng)】A．raise more funds for fireprone areasB．a(chǎn)void the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfirefree parts of the landscapeD．guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】D
【解析】本題目為具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞a magnifying glass和大寫(xiě)字母Moritz定位到第四段第二句，目的就是最后一句。本句提到“to redirect those funds”，基金重新引導(dǎo)，本段首句也提及a huge problem from...public expenditure。正確答案D的guarantee safer spending是對(duì)這兩句的完全概括，討論公共基金更好的花費(fèi)問(wèn)題。干擾項(xiàng)A提到fund，但未說(shuō)raise more，添加無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容；選項(xiàng)B與原文剛好相反，不是avoid避免；選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)原文lowerhazard parts of the landscape的偷換概念。
38.【題干】While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.【選項(xiàng)】A．public debates have not settled yetB．firefighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlookedD．a(chǎn) shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】C
【解析】本題是文中人物觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞climate is a key element及大寫(xiě)字母Moritz定位到第7段的內(nèi)容。本句中Moritz提到“should not e at the expense of the equation”，不以平等的代價(jià)而來(lái)。正確答案A中的不應(yīng)該忽視其他因素是對(duì)本句的同義轉(zhuǎn)化與概括。干擾項(xiàng)A的public debates來(lái)自第6段的the focus但未提及settle的話題，也非本題定位句；干擾項(xiàng)B的conditions是第6段的最后一句conditions that worsen fires，偷換動(dòng)詞worsen與improving；選項(xiàng)D的a shift in the view of是出現(xiàn)在第五段，時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，原文是would require，選項(xiàng)是has taken place。
39.【題干】The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.【選項(xiàng)】A．discover the fundamental makeup of natureB．explore the mechanism of the human systemsC．maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD．understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】D
【解析】本題目為原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞simplified view Moritz定位到第8段的首句，“the human systems and the landscapes... are linked and the interactions go both ways”,人類與環(huán)境是相聯(lián)系的，并且是相互作用的。正確答案D的interactions是原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，man and nature同義替換原文的human... and landscapes。干擾項(xiàng)A原文未提及；選項(xiàng)B的human systems是原詞，但是并無(wú)mechanism偷換概念；選項(xiàng)C的landscape和human是原詞出現(xiàn)，但添加無(wú)關(guān)信息maximize。
40.【題干】Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.【選項(xiàng)】A．do away withB．e to terms withC．pay a price forD．keep away from【答案】B
【解析】本題目為文中人物觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的大寫(xiě)字母Professor Balch和fire，man定位到最后一段的最后一句，“important to understand...human connection with fire”，人與火之間的聯(lián)系。正確答案B的意思是達(dá)成協(xié)議，符合原文。干擾項(xiàng)A的do away with是廢除；選項(xiàng)C的pay a price for是付出代價(jià)；選項(xiàng)D的keep away from遠(yuǎn)離。
Part BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a mon refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. We don39。t make anything anymore, he told Fox News, while defending his own madeinMexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade petition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff petition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. They39。re harder to find and they have job offers, says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a familyowned firm, They may be ing [into the workforce], but they39。ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing, Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cof