【正文】 會； （ 4）得就其職權(quán)范圍內(nèi)的事項(xiàng)召開國際會議； （ 5）與政府間專門機(jī)構(gòu)訂立協(xié)定，確定這些機(jī)構(gòu)與聯(lián)合國的關(guān)系，并通過磋商和提出建議，協(xié)調(diào)各專門機(jī)構(gòu)的活動； （ 6）采取適當(dāng)辦法，與同其職權(quán)范圍內(nèi)的事項(xiàng)有關(guān)的非政府組織磋商。 12 試述條約終止的原因 條約的終止是指一個有效條約由于法定原因而失去效力或暫不施行。 條約的終止有： (1)根據(jù)條約的規(guī)定 。 (2)條約當(dāng)事方共同同意 。 (3) 單方解約和退約 。 (4) 條約履行完畢 。 (5) 條約被代替 (6)條約履行不可能 。 (7)條約主體喪失國際人格 。 (8)斷絕外交關(guān)系和領(lǐng)事關(guān)系 。 (9)發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭 。 (10) 一方違約 。 (11)情勢變遷 ,是指締結(jié)條約以后， (12) 一般新國際法強(qiáng)行原則產(chǎn)生 . 13 論述國際爭端 的司法解決方法。 司法解決的方法是爭端當(dāng)事國自愿將爭端交付國際司法機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行判決以解決爭端的方法。 目前解決國家之間各種法律性爭端的法院是聯(lián)合國國際法院。 國際法院的管轄權(quán)有兩類：訴訟管轄和咨詢管轄。 訴訟管轄是法院對國家訴訟的案件的管轄。 訴訟管轄有三種形式： (1)國家可以在它們之間發(fā)生爭端之后達(dá)成協(xié)議，將爭端提交法院審判。此稱自愿管轄。 (2)國家在它們之間的現(xiàn)行條約或協(xié)定中規(guī)定，遇于條約的解釋及其他特定事項(xiàng)發(fā)生爭議交由法院審判。 法院 對這樣案件的管轄稱協(xié)定管轄。 (3)任擇強(qiáng)制管轄，即法院對事先聲明接受法院規(guī)約第 36 第 2 款并承擔(dān)同樣義務(wù)的國家間訴訟案件的管轄。 法院的咨詢管轄是法院對聯(lián)合國大會、安理會請求其對有關(guān)法律問題發(fā)表的權(quán)威意見和對經(jīng)大會授權(quán)的聯(lián)合國其他機(jī)關(guān)和專門機(jī)構(gòu)就其職權(quán)范圍內(nèi)的法律問題請求法院發(fā)表的權(quán)威意見。 法院判案適用國際法，國際法包括條約國際法、習(xí)慣國際法和一般法律原則及確定國際法原則的各種輔助資料。 14． 論述公海上的管轄權(quán)。 (1)公海上的管轄權(quán)是指國家對公 海上的船舶及其人員和發(fā)生的事件的管轄權(quán)。這種的管轄權(quán)有兩種情形： 一種是船旗國 (船的國籍國 )對本國船舶在公海上的航行事項(xiàng)和內(nèi)部紀(jì)律事項(xiàng)，發(fā)生在公海上的碰撞事件有專屬管轄權(quán)。 另一種情形是各國對發(fā)生在公海上的海盜行為、販運(yùn)奴隸、非法廣播及販運(yùn)毒品等行為都具有的管轄權(quán)。 這種管轄權(quán)的行使一般由軍艦或其他執(zhí)行政府公務(wù)的船舶行使。也可由軍用飛機(jī)或執(zhí)行政府公務(wù)的飛機(jī)行使。 (2)登臨權(quán)和緊追權(quán) 登臨權(quán)是指軍艦在公海上對于有合理依據(jù)認(rèn)為外國船舶 (享有完全外交豁免權(quán)的除外 )有從事海盜行為、奴隸販運(yùn)、從事末經(jīng) 許可的廣播、沒有國籍或雖然懸掛外國旗幟或拒不展示其旗幟、而事實(shí)上卻與該軍艦屬同一國籍的嫌疑時，可命令該船舶停船并派人登臨和檢查的權(quán)利。 緊追權(quán)是指沿海國主管當(dāng)局有充分理由認(rèn)為外國船舶違反其國家法律和規(guī)章時，可對該外國船進(jìn)行追逐， 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行到公海將其拿捕和交付審判的權(quán)利。 。 (一 )領(lǐng)海 :沿海國的主權(quán)及于其陸地領(lǐng)土及其內(nèi)水以外鄰接的一帶海域，成為領(lǐng)海。 按照海洋法公約的規(guī)定，領(lǐng)海的寬度從領(lǐng)海基線量起不得超過 12 海里。 (二 )領(lǐng)海隸屬于國家主權(quán)之下，屬國家領(lǐng)土組成部分，根據(jù)國家 主權(quán)原則，國家對領(lǐng)海及其資源具有所有權(quán)并對其中的人、物和事具有管轄權(quán)。這種所有權(quán)和管轄權(quán)具體表現(xiàn)為以下權(quán)利： (1)資源的開發(fā)和利用權(quán)； (2)沿海航運(yùn)權(quán)； (3)領(lǐng)空權(quán)； (4)立法和管轄權(quán)。 領(lǐng)海與陸地領(lǐng)土和內(nèi)水不同，外國船舶有無害通過領(lǐng)海的權(quán)利。 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩_∩)O 謝謝?。?！ 2022 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the sevenday Chinese 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩_∩)O 謝謝！??！ National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may bee more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and acmodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also mon that you39。 ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of geous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the country39。s largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightlycolored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country es earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it39。s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it fa