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托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料ppt-資料下載頁

2024-12-08 09:35本頁面
  

【正文】 ities should require students to take classes in many subjects, rather than require students to specialize in one subject. ? Even though students should learn their major subjects deeply , they are fully prepared to mange the world only when they have accumulated abundant knowledge and social skills. 段落展開 段落展開 ?例證法 ?比較法 ?因果法 ?并列法 例證法 ? 論點(diǎn) +舉例論證 +重述觀點(diǎn) ? 每個(gè)論點(diǎn) 后必須有例子。 ? 注意 時(shí)態(tài)和人稱 的變化。 ? 很多例子后 +此 類例子不勝枚舉 。 ? 名人的名字一定要寫對(duì)。 ? 多例:數(shù)量、種類( ≥2) 科學(xué)技術(shù)給我們帶來了什么? ?觀點(diǎn):科學(xué)技術(shù)給人類帶來了許多方便。 ?哪些方便? ——舉例 ?怎么方便了? ——細(xì)節(jié) ?總結(jié):科學(xué)技術(shù)給人類帶來了許多方便 哪些方便? ?微波爐 microwave oven 、 ?電冰箱 fridge、 ?手機(jī)、 ?電腦、 ?汽車等 細(xì)節(jié) ?用微波爐烹飪食物又快又衛(wèi)生; ?冰箱節(jié)約我們每天去買菜的時(shí)間; ?手機(jī)使得人們更高效的通訊和處理事務(wù); ?電腦使我們聯(lián)絡(luò)親朋好友更方便,可以了解到最新的信息; ?汽車給我們的旅行帶來方便和安全 舉例 ? take sth(只能是名詞、不能是句子 ) for example ? for instance。 for example, ? such as: 后面只能跟名詞不能放在句首 ? consider+名詞( that 引導(dǎo)的從句) for example ? 名詞 +is a case in point 舉例 ? The point is best illustrated with the example of +名詞 ? The point can be confirmed by the example of +名詞 舉例 ? Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and other mammals. 舉例 ? History (Our society/My country/Our world) is filled with the examples of… 舉例 ?It (This) provides (offers/proves/shows) a good (typical/concrete/notable/striking instance/example/case) in point of… 舉例 ? The story (case/instance/situation) is not rare (isolated/unique)。 It is one of many examples (typical of dozens) I have heard (read/encountered)… 因果法 ?論點(diǎn) +提出原因 +分析條件 +討論結(jié)果 ?不同意建工廠 +因?yàn)閷?dǎo)致污染+排廢水、廢氣 +小區(qū)環(huán)境污染 因果法 ? A lead to/result in B=B result from A ? because of/due to/thanks to/owing to/by reason of/ on account of(介詞) +陳述 ? +動(dòng)名詞短語 因果法 ? for/since/as/because/but(連詞) ? for不能放在句首,是并列連詞 ? In consequence/in the end/consequently ? therefore/thereby/hence/thus(副詞 ) ? 。however;, and however 比較法 ? 整體比較: A的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 3 B的有點(diǎn) 3 ? 分項(xiàng)比較:方面 1: 方面 2: 方面 3: ? 結(jié)論,總體而言 住校內(nèi)好還是住校外好? ? 整體比較:校內(nèi)的好處 3 校外的好處 3 ? 分項(xiàng)比較:交流:校內(nèi)好 /方便:校外好 經(jīng)濟(jì):校內(nèi)好 / 環(huán)境:校外好 安全:校內(nèi)好 /情感:校外好 ? 總之,和校外比較,住校內(nèi)更好 比較對(duì)比句型 ? The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gain from (carry more weight than those of/are much greater than) A… ?Contrary to widely (monly/generally) accepted belief (ideas/views), I believe that… ?There is absolutely (in fact) no reason for us to believe (accept/resist/reject) that… ?Considerable though the advantages of A are, they can not pete with the disadvantages that A brings/the advantages that B brings. 并列分類法 總論點(diǎn) ?分論點(diǎn) 1: A方面 B方面 C方面 ?分論點(diǎn) 2: A方面 B方面 C方面 ?分論點(diǎn) 3: A方面 B方面 C方面 一個(gè)企業(yè)是否應(yīng)該盡一切 可能賺取利潤? (想一想如何寫) ?對(duì)于企業(yè)來說,不利于企業(yè)誠信的建立、長遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展 ?對(duì)于工人來說,福利得不到保障,安全得不到保證 ?對(duì)于政府來說,稅收會(huì)有困難、商業(yè)秩序維護(hù)有困難 便健經(jīng)交幸,成環(huán)品科國 建成科國幸,便品交環(huán)經(jīng) 成品建環(huán)經(jīng),科友便幸國 銜接手段 ?連接詞、連接短語、連接句子 ?Different people hold different perspectives ?on this issue. ?代詞 ?語義粘連 :十點(diǎn)了,我回家了。 寫作流程 審題 → 謀篇布局 → 細(xì)化 → 寫 → 檢查 ( ≥2分鐘 ) 托福滿分作文應(yīng)考步驟 審題 ? 區(qū)分是利弊、事實(shí)還是因果,找到相應(yīng)的解題辦法; ? 利弊:萬金由; ? 事實(shí):找事發(fā)原因; ? 因果:另尋他因、另尋他果; ? 注意題目中的絕對(duì)詞和細(xì)節(jié)詞,分析何為爭論焦點(diǎn)。 簡要提綱 ? 各分論點(diǎn)如何安排? ? 用何種論證結(jié)構(gòu)?讓步論證還是絕對(duì)論證? ? 最好先記下來,否則容易遺忘。 文章開頭 ? 優(yōu)先嘗試簡單描述現(xiàn)象,引出話題; ? 亦可重述原題; ? 擺出雙方觀點(diǎn)的同時(shí)給出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn); ? 個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)要配合論證結(jié)構(gòu),中間段落一邊倒,則開頭觀點(diǎn)一邊倒;中間段落讓步,則開頭觀點(diǎn)用讓步句型。 文章結(jié)尾 ? 結(jié)尾必須重述主題; ? 結(jié)尾可以提出建議,也可以暢想未來; ? 個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)要配合論證結(jié)構(gòu),中間段落一邊倒,則結(jié)尾觀點(diǎn)一邊倒;中間段落讓步,則結(jié)尾觀點(diǎn)用讓步句型; ? 可以先寫完開頭結(jié)尾,再寫中間段落; ? 開頭結(jié)尾總計(jì) 100字左右為宜。 支持段寫法 ?主題句; ?支持句; ?舉例及細(xì)節(jié); ?段內(nèi)小結(jié); 讓步段寫法 ? 主題句四種削弱方法; ? 支持句; ? 舉例及細(xì)節(jié); ? 對(duì)讓步內(nèi)容進(jìn)行削弱和反駁。 1范文賞析 三、語 言 潤 色 Variety is the spice of life. 重述語義 重述語意技巧 ( 1)同義詞: ? 發(fā)展 :progress/development/advance ? 學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí):gain/obtain/accumulate/acquire knowledge ? large/big/massive/enormous ? announced/claimed/declared ? wishes/wants/hopes/expects/anticipates ? build/establish/construct ? disadvantages/drawbacks/weaknesses/defects/shortings ? influence/impact/effect ? munity/neighborhood ? support/favor/advocate/prefer ( 2)同根詞: ?development/develop ?able/capable/ability/capability/enable oppose/opposition/object to/objection ( 3)短語替換 ? Build/set up ? object to/be opposed to/argue against/vote against ? support/back up/argue for/vote for/in favor of ( 4)全新表達(dá)法 ? A is important to B ? A is critical/vital/essential/significant to B ? A is of great importance to B ? Without A, B can not survive/develop. ? A is to B What water is to fish. ? A pany has announced that It wishes to build a large factory near the munity. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your munity. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position. ? A pany has announced that it will to build a large factory near the munity. ? A large factory is supposed to be build near the munity according to the announcement issued by a pany. ? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your munity. ? There is a growing awareness of both the positive and negative influences that the new construction plan brings to our munity. 語法注意事項(xiàng) 15% 1% 25% 13% 14% 5% 9% 3% 2% 8% 1% 4% 學(xué)生習(xí)作語法錯(cuò)誤統(tǒng)計(jì) 詞性誤用 結(jié)構(gòu)缺失 錯(cuò)誤用詞 主謂一致 (單三 )問題 介詞用錯(cuò) 時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 單
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