【正文】
?形合(英語(yǔ)) :詞語(yǔ)和分句之間 用語(yǔ)言形式連接,表達(dá)語(yǔ)法意義和邏輯關(guān)系 .注重顯性接應(yīng),注重句子形式,注重結(jié)構(gòu)完整,以形顯義。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。 喻:英句如一棵大樹。 ? 意合(漢語(yǔ)):少用甚至不 用語(yǔ)言形式 連接,而通過(guò)詞語(yǔ)和分句的含義表達(dá)。注重隱性連貫和邏輯事理順序,注重功能、意義,以神統(tǒng)形。簡(jiǎn)潔。 喻:漢句如一窩竹筍 英語(yǔ)的形合手段(常態(tài)) ? :關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、并列連詞、從屬連詞 ? 條件: if it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. ? 明天不下雨,我們就去公園。 ? 時(shí)間: He has never been back to Beijing since he left it five years ago. ? 離開北京五年了,從未回去過(guò)。 ? 結(jié)果: he read so fast that we could not hear it clearly. ? 他讀的太快,我們聽不清楚。 ? 原因: It must have been done by you since only you stayed in the classroom last night. ? 昨晚只有你在教室,肯定是你干的。 ? 轉(zhuǎn)折:江山易改,稟性難移。 ? it is easy to change rivers and mountains but hard to change a person’s nature. ? 英譯漢時(shí):先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、形式才能確定其功能、意義。 ? 漢譯英時(shí):相反 .先分析句子功能、意義,才能確定句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、形式 ? 對(duì)比:道路是曲折的,前途是光明的。 ? The future is bright while the road ahead is tortuous. ? 上海是資本家的樂(lè)園,勞動(dòng)群眾的苦海。 ? Shanghai was once paradise for the capitalists but hell for the laboring people. ? 施恩勿記,受恩勿忘。 ? If you confer (give) a benefit, never remember it, if you receive one, remember it always. ? 我們過(guò)了江,進(jìn)了車站,我買票,他忙著照看行李。 ? 張培基: we entered the railway station after crossing the River. While I was at the booking office buying a ticket, father saw to my luggage. ? 楊憲益: we crossed the Yangze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage. 漢語(yǔ)的意合手段 ? ? 漢語(yǔ)的許多主從復(fù)句,雖無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)詞,卻有主有次 ? Because she is not honest, I can’t trust her. ? (因?yàn)椋┧焕蠈?shí),我不信任她(常態(tài)) ? 我不信任她,因?yàn)樗焕蠈?shí) ? 人(若)不犯我,我(則)不犯人 ? We will not attack unless we are attacked ? 、排比、對(duì)偶、對(duì)照等句式整齊、均勻,往往不用關(guān)聯(lián)詞 ? 他不來(lái),我不去。 ? If he won’t e here, I’ll not go there. ? 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。 ? As you sow[s[u], so will you reap ? :取消各分句之間語(yǔ)音停頓,略去一些詞語(yǔ) .簡(jiǎn)約 ? Let everybody share the food if there is any. ? 有飯大家吃 ? A wolf remains a wolf even though it is in sheep’s clothing. ? 狼披羊皮還是狼 ? 4. 四字格( 2+2) ? Move forward, or you’ll fall behind. ? 不進(jìn)則退 ? Whoever plays with fire will perish by fire. ? 玩火自焚