【正文】 動詞的時態(tài) ? 英語時態(tài)共有 16種，以動詞 write為例： 時間 體 現(xiàn)在 過去 將來 過去將來 一般 Write(s) Wrote Shall write Will should write would 進(jìn)行 am Is writing are was writing were shall be writing will should be writing would 完成 Have written Has Had written shall have written will should have written would 完成進(jìn)行 Have Been writing Has Had been writing shall have been writing will should have been writing would 動詞的時態(tài) ? 一般來說，后四種時態(tài)很少使用，我們著重看前 12種時態(tài)。 動詞的時態(tài) ? 大家判斷一下下列句子的時態(tài) : ? He reads newspapers every day. ? He read the newspaper yesterday. ? He will read the newspaper tomorrow. ? He is reading the newspaper now. ? He was reading the newspaper this time yesterday. ? He will be reading the newspaper this time tomorrow. 動詞的時態(tài) ? 大家判斷一下下列句子的時態(tài) : ? He has read the newspaper. ? He had read the newspaper. ? He will have read the newspaper this time tomorrow. ? He has been reading the newspaper all morning. ? He has been reading the newspaper all morning. ? He will have been reading the newspaper all morning. 一般時態(tài) ? 包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，過去將來時 一般現(xiàn)在時 ? 1 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和 often， always， usually，sometimes， every day， once a week等時間狀語連用。 ? He takes a walk after supper every day. ? How often do you wash your hair? 一般現(xiàn)在時 ? 2 表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。 ? Mr. Smith hates fish. ? Mary speaks both English and French very well. 一般現(xiàn)在時 ? 3 表示客觀事實或普遍真理 ? The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ? Light travels faster than sound. ? Japan lies to the east of China. 一般現(xiàn)在時 ? 4 表示安排或計劃好的將來發(fā)生的動作 ? The plane takes off at 10 .. ? When does the train leave for Shanghai? 一般過去時 ? 用來表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語（ yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1987等）連用。 ? She bought a Santana last week. ? He lived in London when he was young. ? She often came to help me at that time. 一般將來時 ? 用來表示將來發(fā)生的動作或情況 ? They will leave for Hong Kong tomorrow. ? We won’t be free tonight. ? The train will arrive soon. ? 除 shall和 will+動詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來時外，還有幾種形式： 一般將來時 ? 1 be going to + 動詞原形 (表示打算去做 ) ? He is going to meet Mr. Brown at the airport. ? How long are you going to stay here? ? 2 be about to + 動詞原形 (表示即將發(fā)生 ) ? We are about to leave. ? The experiment is about to start. ? 3 be to + 動詞原形 (表示必須或計劃要做 ) ? The girls are to go to school next week. ? There is to be a sports meet on Sunday. 進(jìn)行時態(tài) ? 進(jìn)行時則表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。 ? 進(jìn)行時表示動作在某時正在進(jìn)行中，某時如果是指現(xiàn)在，則用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，如果是指過去某時的話，則用過去進(jìn)行時。 ? 例： plays tennis well.（現(xiàn)在時） ? is playing tennis well.（進(jìn)行時） ? 例句 ，表示他打網(wǎng)球一直都打得很好。 ? 例句 ，表示他打網(wǎng)球現(xiàn)在打得很好。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 ? 1 表示動作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生 ? She is playing the piano. ? It is snowing again. ? 2 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定正在進(jìn)行的動作，常伴有 now, these days等時間狀語 ? I am thinking about a new plan these days. ? He is working on a new project now. ? 3 與 always, forever等表示頻繁的副詞連用，強調(diào)動作經(jīng)常發(fā)生，往往還表示說話人對此不以為然或厭煩的態(tài)度 ? He is forever asking me stupid questions when I’m with him. ? They’re always plaining. 過去進(jìn)行時 ? 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，這一特定的時刻或時間通常用時間狀語來表示，如 at that time, then, at five yesterday ? I was watching TV at that time. ? When were you doing at nine yesterday morning? ? The telephone was ringing when I came in. ? As he was crossing the bridge, the earth suddenly began to shake. 完成時態(tài) ? 表示動作于某一時間點已經(jīng)完成的狀態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時 ? 1 已完成 ? 表示某動作已經(jīng)完成，但其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的情況有影響。 ? He has finished his homework. ? He has just left. ? The police have caught the thief. 現(xiàn)在完成時 ? 2 未完成 ? 表示某動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)持續(xù)下去。 ? The couple have lived here for 20 years. ? I have been here for the last week. ? We have been good friends since we first met in the US. ? He hasn’t smoked a cigarette for two weeks. 現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別 ? 1 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的“未完成”用法相似，都表示動作從過去某時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)下去，但后者必須與 for two weeks, since 6 o’clock等時間短語連用，否則就是“已完成”狀態(tài)。而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時可與時間狀語連用，也可不用。 ? He has lived here for six weeks. ? He has been living here for six weeks. ? He has been working hard. 現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別 ? 2 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示一種不間斷的動作，因此在提到做一件事的次數(shù)時，不能用該時態(tài)，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時。 ? I’ve knocked at the door five times, but I’m afraid nobody is in. ? The pop singer has sung three songs. 現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別 ? 3 即便是同樣的持續(xù)性動作，在不使用時間狀語時，用在兩種時態(tài)中也有區(qū)別。 ? I’ve washed my clothes. ? I’ve been washing my clothes.