【正文】 : Industry Obligations 荷蘭企業(yè)的義務(wù) ? 行業(yè)目標(biāo)由工業(yè)部門協(xié)會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)部之間協(xié)商 ? Sector targets are negotiated between the industry sector association and the Ministry of Economic Affairs – 單個(gè)公司簽訂的具有法律意義的協(xié)議 – Legallybinding agreements signed by individual panies – 節(jié)能計(jì)劃的實(shí)施 – Implementation of Energy Conservation Plan ? 依據(jù)需要每?jī)赡晷薷墓?jié)能計(jì)劃 ? Revise Energy Conservation Plan every two years as needed – 年度監(jiān)督與報(bào)告 – Annual monitoring and reporting ? 年度報(bào)告 ? Annual report Netherlands: Government Support 荷蘭政府的支持性政策和項(xiàng)目 – 信息的傳播與實(shí)驗(yàn) – Information Dissemination and Demonstration ? 工業(yè)部門協(xié)會(huì)為會(huì)員提供有關(guān)能效提高的機(jī)會(huì)的信息 ? Industry sector associations provide information to members regarding energy efficiency improvement opportunities ? 用于證明新能效技術(shù)的補(bǔ)貼達(dá)到 40% ? Up to 40% subsidy to demonstrate new energy efficiency technologies – 能源審計(jì) – Energy Audits ? 能源與環(huán)境審計(jì)的補(bǔ)貼約占 45% ? Subsidy of about 45% for energy and environmental audits Netherlands: Government Support 荷蘭政府的支持性政策和項(xiàng)目 –能源管理 –Energy Management 審計(jì)與檢測(cè)工具：能源潛力掃描與能源監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng) Auditing and monitoring using tools: Energy Potential Scan and Energy Monitoring System 與環(huán)境管理相結(jié)合 Integration with environmental management –投資補(bǔ)貼與財(cái)政激勵(lì) –Investment Subsidies and Fiscal Incentives 25%的補(bǔ)貼用于熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目 25% subsidy for cogeneration (CHP) projects Netherlands: Government Support 荷蘭政府的支持性政策和項(xiàng)目 – 對(duì)某些環(huán)境技術(shù)的投資的加速折舊 – Early depreciation of investments in certain environmental technologies – 能源投資稅單 —在能效技術(shù)方面的附加投資的 40%可以由投資本年度的財(cái)政收益來承擔(dān) – Energy investment tax scheme – 40% of the additional investment in energyefficient technologies can be subtracted from fiscal profit the year the investment is made ? Novem 荷蘭能源與環(huán)境署 – 作為節(jié)能行動(dòng)的促進(jìn)者起到協(xié)調(diào)作用 – Coordinating role as promoter of energy conservation activities Supervision, Evaluation, amp。 Enforcement 荷蘭的監(jiān)測(cè)、評(píng)估與實(shí)施 ? 年度報(bào)告 Annual Report – 能效指數(shù) 100 ? 實(shí)際能耗量 參考能耗量 – Energy Efficiency Index 100 x Actual Energy Consumption Reference Energy Consumption – 對(duì)已執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目與方法的回顧于總結(jié) – Overview of implemented projects and measures that have contributed to the energy savings ? 節(jié)能計(jì)劃 由企業(yè)每?jī)赡暌罁?jù)年度報(bào)告進(jìn)行更新 ? Energy Conservation Plan – updated by firms every 2 years based on Annual Report Supervision, Evaluation, amp。 Enforcement 荷蘭的監(jiān)測(cè)、評(píng)估與實(shí)施 ? 年度進(jìn)展報(bào)告 NOVEM向顧問董事會(huì)報(bào)告行業(yè)總體進(jìn)展情況，以便于其準(zhǔn)備年度進(jìn)展報(bào)告 ? Annual Progress Report Novem reports aggregate sector results to Consultative Board which prepares annual progress report for this sector ? 實(shí)施 Enforcement – 不能夠提供節(jié)能計(jì)劃以及年度監(jiān)測(cè)報(bào)告的企業(yè)從長(zhǎng)期協(xié)議中剔出。 – failure to provide an Energy Conservation Plan and annual monitoring reports firm excluded from LongTerm Agreements Supervision, Evaluation, amp。 Enforcement 荷蘭的監(jiān)測(cè)、評(píng)估與實(shí)施 –如果部門的目標(biāo)不能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，則要終止整個(gè)部門的長(zhǎng)期協(xié)議 –Entire sector LongTerm Agreement can be terminated if sector fails to reach targets –協(xié)議一旦終止，公司必須遵守嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境許可 –If terminated, firms must ply with strict environmental permits Results to Date 迄今所取得的成果 ? 丹麥 Denmark – 3年后依據(jù)協(xié)議能耗減少了 24%（常規(guī)企業(yè)每年約減少 1%） – Reduction in energy consumption of 24% of total energy consumption per agreement after 3 years (exceeding businessasusual by about 1% per year) – 工業(yè)部門 CO2減排目標(biāo)：至 2021年減排 4% – On target to achieve 4% reduction in industrial sector CO2 emissions by 2021 Results to Date 迄今所取得的成果 ?荷蘭 Netherlands –實(shí)際的效果好于協(xié)議目標(biāo)： 1989至 2021年間，能效平均提高了 % –Actual results were better than the VA target: an average improvement in energy efficiency of % over the period 1989 to 2021 ?加拿大 Canada –1990年以來，年度總能源強(qiáng)度降低了 % –Since 1990, annual aggregate energy intensity improvement of % Voluntary Agreements in The Netherlands 荷蘭的自愿協(xié)議 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%C h e m i c a l s 化學(xué)I r o n amp。 S t e e l 鋼鐵P a p e r 紙張C e m e n t 水泥G l a s s 玻璃T a r g e t 目標(biāo) A c t u a l 實(shí)際A l l I n d u s t r y 全部工業(yè)Effectiveness of VA 自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目的效果 ? 7個(gè)自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目回顧 ? Review of 7 VA programs – 50%的可見的能效提高與減排均歸因于自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目 – 50% of observed energyefficiency improvement or emissions reductions was due to the VAs – 其他的效果還包括意識(shí)的提高、管理的改進(jìn)、市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)換、技術(shù)革新、對(duì)于非能源效益的理解、政策的學(xué)習(xí)、受訓(xùn)專家人數(shù)的增多以及減少了的交易成本等。 – Other effects include improved awareness, management practices, market transformation, technological innovation, understanding of nonenergy benefits, policy learning, increased number of trained specialists, reduced transaction costs Effectiveness of VA 自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目的效果 ?荷蘭自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目 ?The Netherlands VA program –1990年至 2021年間，此項(xiàng)目使能效提高了 2550% –2550% of energy efficiency improvement between 1990 and 2021 due to program –如果沒有自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目，工業(yè)能效將僅以每年%%的速度提高而不是實(shí)際所達(dá)到的每年%的提高速度 –Without VAs, energy efficiency improvement in industry would have been between % and % per year instead of the actual % per year Effectiveness of VA 自愿協(xié)議項(xiàng)目的效果 ?3個(gè)荷蘭項(xiàng)目中的政府支出 ?Governmental costs of 3 Dutch programs –自愿協(xié)議： 4060美元 /噸碳 –VAs: $4060/tC –用于能效技術(shù)的稅收激勵(lì)： 130150美元 /噸碳 –Tax incentives for certain energyefficiency technologies: $130150/tC