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第一章冶金工程-資料下載頁

2024-10-11 13:19本頁面

【導(dǎo)讀】冶金是研究如何從礦石或其他金屬原料中提。廣義的冶金涉及開采礦石、選礦、冶煉和加工金屬等方面。狹義的冶金,即提取冶金,是指礦石或精礦的冶煉。(一)與能源工業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)一樣,構(gòu)成了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的。(二)我國在發(fā)展有色金屬工業(yè)方面有著潛在的資源優(yōu)勢。軋輥主要通過壓力作用于金屬,所以軋鋼歸于壓力成。熱軋?jiān)谲埣邷貢r(shí)進(jìn)行,而冷軋不需。軋制區(qū)和精整區(qū)。比如,粗軋道次,中軋道次和精道次。存,觀察、檢查分類做標(biāo)記,收集,捆扎和打包。序和程度將以產(chǎn)品的特性而定。冷軋主要用于生產(chǎn)板材,如深沖薄板、鍍錫薄。型鋼和管材也是可以冷軋的。四輥和多輥軋機(jī)上冷軋。為了消除冷軋后的加工硬化,經(jīng)常用退火來進(jìn)行熱處理。冷軋和熱處理的結(jié)合可以使鋼材獲得更好的技術(shù)性能。熱軋的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是(比冷軋)更容易壓縮軋件的厚度。軋件的表面粗糙和精度都不如冷軋的好。

  

【正文】 e vacuum chamber and the steel is caused to flow up into evacuated chamber for degassing by the passage of a small but continuous flow of argon gas into one leg of the chamber. 譯文: 脫氣室下部設(shè)有與其相通的兩根循環(huán)流管 , 鋼液通過一 根連續(xù)吹氬的管子進(jìn)入真空室進(jìn)行脫氣 。 原文: Gravity causes it to leave through the other leg and return to the ladle where the outflow creates and adequate degree of circulation. 譯文: 重力的作用又導(dǎo)致鋼液從另一根管子離開并返回到鋼包 中 。 原文: The average circulation rate is usually some 12 ton per min and 20 min are required to fully treat a 100 ton ladle of steel. The temperature loss will be 40 to 50 ℃ for about 40 ton. 譯文: 該工藝的平均循環(huán)流速通常是每分鐘 12t, 20min將處理完 100t的鋼包 , 而對于大約 40t鋼包來說溫度損失是 40~50℃ 。 原文: In the case of ASEASKF, the equipment prises a ladle furnace, a mobile induction heater, a steam ejector and a vacuum cover fitted with electrodes for heating. 譯文: 就電弧加熱的真空精煉法而言 , 其主要設(shè)備包括一個(gè)鋼 包爐 , 一個(gè)可移動的感應(yīng)加熱器 , 一個(gè)蒸汽噴射器和一個(gè)帶 加熱電極的真空蓋 。 原文: In refining, the ladle is placed in the induction heater and moved to the vacuum degassing station. The atmosphere is reduced to around 200181。m Hg. 譯文: 進(jìn)行精煉時(shí) , 將帶有鋼水的鋼包放在感應(yīng)加熱器中 , 并運(yùn) 到真空脫氣站 。 降壓到 200181。m汞柱 。 原文: After 15 min(30t heat) deoxidizers are added. After vacuum treatment the ladle is moved to the reheating as shown in . 譯文: 對 30t的爐次 , 15nin后 , 加入脫氧劑 。 真空處理后 , 鋼 包移到加熱站如圖 13所示 。 原文: Here the electrode cover is lowered on to the ladle. Fluxes are added to make a basic slag and alloys added to meet the specification. 譯文: 用電極包蓋蓋住鋼包 。 加入熔劑造堿性渣 , 加入合金滿 足合金化要求 。 原文: After heating by arcs the steel is tapped, normally by continuous casting. This method is flexible and well suited for special steels of high quality, and allows for efficient scheduling of casters. 譯文: 通過電弧加熱后出鋼 , 通常將鋼水進(jìn)行連鑄 。 這種方法 靈活適合高質(zhì)量特殊鋼 , 且允許與連鑄機(jī)匹配 。 原文: There can be considerable overlap in the metallurgical functions that various secondary steelmaking processes achieve. 譯文: 許多爐外精煉工藝所達(dá)到的冶金功能會相互重疊 。 原文: To determine which process to install, the steelmaker must reflect on the capability and flexibility of the particular process in its ability to perform the various metallurgical functions required for a given product mix. 譯文: 為了確定采取何種工藝 , 以實(shí)現(xiàn)對給定混合產(chǎn)品所要求 的不同的冶金功能 , 鋼廠必須考慮該工藝本身的實(shí)際能力和 靈活性 。 原文: Consideration must also be given to the way in which the process affects the other operations of the shop, the tonnage throughput expected, and the relative capital and operating costs associated with the process. 譯文: 另外 , 還必須考慮與工序有關(guān)的車間內(nèi)的其他操作 , 所 預(yù)期的生產(chǎn)能力 、 相關(guān)投資以及運(yùn)行成本等 。
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