【正文】 幫助他們提高思想認(rèn)識(shí)水平，提高他們對(duì)事物的分析能力。 2. 我們?nèi)绾胃鶕?jù)青少年學(xué)生心理發(fā)展中的主要矛盾 和特點(diǎn)，組織、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過學(xué)校教育發(fā)展成為四有新人？ 答： 青少年心理發(fā)展特點(diǎn)：①生理成熟；②社會(huì)化；③個(gè)性的形成。 ① 青少年學(xué)生有成人感，總感到自己是成人，可以不必依賴家長(zhǎng)和教師的幫助而獨(dú)立生活和工作。教師和家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)尊重他們的獨(dú)立性和自尊心，給他們創(chuàng)造獨(dú)立工作和生活的機(jī)會(huì)，同時(shí)給予具體的輔導(dǎo)。 ② 在社會(huì)化過程中青少年一方面有更多社會(huì)交往的需要，并希望別人理解自己，另一方面卻又不輕易透露自己內(nèi)心世界的秘密，故而產(chǎn)生心理的閉鎖和孤獨(dú)感。教師和家長(zhǎng)要關(guān)心和愛護(hù)他們，做他們的知心朋友，在他們感到無人理解而苦悶時(shí)，給予真誠(chéng) 的啟發(fā)和幫助。 ③ 青少年學(xué)生情緒容易激動(dòng)，情緒的兩極性十分突出，在他們情緒激動(dòng)時(shí)，要耐心地進(jìn)行“冷處理”，及時(shí)分析情緒沖動(dòng)會(huì)帶來的害處。 ④ 青少年有一定的自我控制能力，因而行為的獨(dú)立性和自覺性都有所增強(qiáng)。教師要善于組織和引導(dǎo)青少年學(xué)生積極參加集體活動(dòng)和實(shí)際鍛煉，這對(duì)于培養(yǎng)他們的意志是很必要的。 3. 對(duì)有心理問題的學(xué)生，應(yīng)該如何教育和矯正。 21 答： 可用下列方法： (1)暗示法； (2)心理置換法； (3)比較法； (4)幽默法； (5)宣泄法； (6)社會(huì)強(qiáng)化法； (7)迂回法； (8)合理認(rèn)知法。 對(duì)有心理總是的學(xué)生 進(jìn)行教育與行為矯正，既是一門科學(xué)，也是一門藝術(shù)，沒有現(xiàn)成的與一成不變的模式。有時(shí)，同一類問題可以用不同的方法去解決，而同一種方法也可以解決不同類的問題。實(shí)踐證明，凡是取得良好教育與矯正效果的范例，都是科學(xué)理論和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)綜合運(yùn)用的結(jié)果。 七、實(shí)例分析 1. 小學(xué)五年級(jí)的小路和經(jīng)常咬筆頭，王老師發(fā)現(xiàn)后，就讓小路和她一起看錄像。錄像播放了鉛筆在顯微鏡下的情形，然后是一個(gè)女孩咬筆頭的情形，再出現(xiàn)這個(gè)女孩嘔吐，肚痛的情況。不久，小路就改掉了咬筆頭的習(xí)慣。請(qǐng)用心理學(xué)有關(guān)知識(shí)分析。 答： 為了使有心理問題的學(xué)生恢復(fù)心理平 衡，常用以下方法： ①暗示法；②心理置換法；③比較法；④幽默法；⑤宣泄法；⑥社會(huì)強(qiáng)化法；⑦迂回法；⑧合理認(rèn)知法。 在此案例中，王老師運(yùn)用了比較法和社會(huì)強(qiáng)化法來引導(dǎo)小路。 通過對(duì)比，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)自己所堅(jiān)持的意見產(chǎn)生懷疑并逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到是錯(cuò)誤的，從 而轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)械膽B(tài)度的方法，叫比較法。王教師用錄象中的女孩作為讓小路進(jìn)行 對(duì)比的對(duì)象，使她意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析自己行為的結(jié)果對(duì)自身產(chǎn)生的不良作用，使他們正確地分辨是非 并改正錯(cuò)誤行為的方法，叫社會(huì)強(qiáng)化法。王老師通過錄象讓小路改掉了咬筆頭 的習(xí)慣 。 對(duì)有心理問題的學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育與行為矯正，既是一門科學(xué)，又是一門藝術(shù)。沒 有現(xiàn)成的與一成不變的模式。有時(shí)，同一類問題可以用不同的方法去解決，而 同一種方法也可以解決不同的問題。實(shí)踐證明，凡是取得良好的教育與矯正效 果的案例，都是科學(xué)理論和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)綜合運(yùn)用的結(jié)果。 2. 高二男生李飛到周老師處咨詢了有關(guān)如何與異性相處的問題，談話中涉及一位女生。不久，周老師在與該女生談話中，提到此事。結(jié)果李飛與該女生關(guān)系緊張，并對(duì)周老師極為憤恨。請(qǐng)用心理學(xué)的有關(guān)知識(shí)分析論述這一現(xiàn)象。 答： 這是一個(gè)心理咨詢的原則的問題。 心理咨詢有以下原則： ①長(zhǎng)善救失原則；②委婉啟發(fā)原則；③尊重信任原則；④整體性原則；⑤具體分析原則；⑥預(yù)防性原則；⑦保密性原則。 周老師的做法違背了心理咨詢的保密性原則。為了貫徹這一原則，咨詢?nèi)藛T必 須做到以下三點(diǎn)： ① 咨詢?nèi)藛T的全部談話內(nèi)容，只允許當(dāng)事人知道，咨詢?nèi)藛T之間不能相互打聽屬于保密范圍的有關(guān)信息； ② 咨詢?nèi)藛T要養(yǎng)成不打聽別人秘密的職業(yè)習(xí)慣； ③ 咨詢?nèi)藛T要樹立保密是法律與道德需要的觀念。 周老師并沒有做到這些，李飛出于對(duì)周老師的信任，在咨詢過程中把自己的秘 密告訴周老師，而周老師卻把事情告訴 了他人，因而導(dǎo)致了李飛與女生的關(guān)系 緊張，而對(duì)周老師極為憤恨的結(jié)果。 22 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。。　?China39。s 10 mustsee animations】 The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 mustsee classics from China39。s animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Let39。s recall these colorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫蘆娃 ) is a Chinese animation TV series produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state pared to the rest of the international munity. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of papercut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑貓警長(zhǎng) ) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2021, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series39。 violence, and lack of suitability for children39。s education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir and teacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The hero39。s real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of passion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克與貝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和貝塔 ) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who don39。t want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they cofounded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very pact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天書奇談 ) also referred to as Legend of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid bination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature Ping Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppression of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the book39。s contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heaven39。s law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinese painting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demonstrate the unique beauty of China39。s natural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋與灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊與灰 太狼 ) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them. It is a popular domestic animation series and has been adapted into movies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（ Chinese: 哪吒鬧海） is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel Fengshen Yanyi. A mother gave birth to a ball of flesh shaped like a lotus bud