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shared by members of an anisation, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic takenforgranted fashion an anisation’s view of itself and its environment” Schein 1997 Exploring Corporate Strategy, Seventh Edition, 169。 Pearson Education Ltd 20xx Cultural Frames of Reference Exhibit Exploring Corporate Strategy, Seventh Edition, 169。 Pearson Education Ltd 20xx Organisational Field ? Organisations within a field have: – Common business environment – Common norms and values – Shared set of assumptions ? A recipe of anisational purpose amp。 shared wisdom ? Dangers: – Institutionalised managers may be blinkered – Transition between sectors difficult ? Legitimacy: – Need to meet expectations in terms of assumptions, behaviours and strategies Exploring Corporate Strategy, Seventh Edition, 169。 Pearson Education Ltd 20xx Organisational Culture Exhibit Exploring Corporate Strategy, Seventh Edition, 169。 Pearson Education Ltd 20xx The Cultural Web Exhibit Exploring Corporate Strategy, Seventh Edition, 169。 Pearson Education Ltd 20xx The Cultural Web: some useful questions Exhibit Exploring Corporate Strategy, Seventh Edition, 169。 Pearson Education Ltd 20xx The Cultural Web of the NHS Exploring Corporate Strategy, Seventh Edition, 169。 Pearson Education Ltd 20xx Communicating Organisational Purposes ? Corporate Values – Core values, the principles guiding actions ? Vision/Mission – Statement of overriding direction and purpose of anisation ? Objectives – Statement of specific outes to be achieved ? Financial, marketbased ? Sometimes measurable ? Relevant Exploring Corporate Strategy, Seventh Edition, 169。 Pearson Education Ltd 20xx Key Points (1) ? Expectations and purposes influenced by: – Corporate governance, stakeholder expectations, business ethics and culture ? Corporate governance – Whom anisation serves, how purposes/priorities decided ? Stakeholders’ power and influence – Stakeholder mapping Exploring Corporate Strategy, Seventh Edition, 169。 Pearson Education Ltd 20xx Key Points (2) ? Ethical stance – Corporate social responsibility ? Culture – Levels of cultural frames of reference – Layers of values, beliefs, behaviours and takenforgranted assumptions – Cultural web ? Communication of anisational purposes – Values, mission, objectives