【正文】 公司的“載荷 噸后橋總成”，產(chǎn)品型號(hào)： HT24K21。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋承載能力為 ，大于滿載后軸載重。最大輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩為 13000N?m，大 于最大的輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩 850 *m=7823N?m，主減速器傳動(dòng)比 = 和 兩種，符合設(shè)計(jì)范圍，且汽車阻力功率曲線見與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率曲線交在其最大功率點(diǎn)上，符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。 29 設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) 課程設(shè)計(jì)是我們專業(yè)課 程知識(shí)綜合應(yīng)用的實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練，也是我們邁向社會(huì)，從事職業(yè)工作前一個(gè)必不少的過程。通過這次的汽車課程設(shè)計(jì)，使我之前學(xué)習(xí)的課本知識(shí)得以鞏固，同時(shí)也更加系統(tǒng)全面的了解了汽車，通過書本上的介紹，老師的講解，以及同學(xué)之間的討論，讓我對(duì)汽車設(shè)計(jì)的過程有了更深的了解。 通過本次設(shè)計(jì)，讓我對(duì)《汽車構(gòu)造》、《汽車設(shè)計(jì)》和《汽車?yán)碚摗飞系囊恍┲攸c(diǎn)內(nèi)容又重新認(rèn)識(shí)了一次，通過讓我們自己動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦設(shè)計(jì)汽車，增強(qiáng)了我們的動(dòng)手能力和獨(dú)立思考能力。通過三周的設(shè)計(jì)，我不僅增長(zhǎng)了知識(shí)，還開闊了眼界，對(duì)我們這個(gè)專業(yè)有了更深層次的了解，提升設(shè)計(jì)能力。 由于設(shè)計(jì)資料和能力比較有限，此次設(shè)計(jì)尚有許多不足之處，懇請(qǐng)各位老師和同學(xué)給予批評(píng)指正。 最后，向?qū)Ρ敬握n程設(shè)計(jì)盡心指導(dǎo)的各位老師表示衷心的感謝！ 車輛工程 121201 李璇 30 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 王望予 .汽車設(shè)計(jì) [M].4版 .北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2021. [2] 王國(guó)權(quán)，龔國(guó)慶 .汽車設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書 [M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2021. [3] 陳家瑞 .汽車構(gòu)造 [M].3版 .北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2021. [4] 劉惟信 .汽車設(shè)計(jì) [M].北京 .清華大學(xué)出版社， 2021. [5] 余志生 .汽車?yán)碚?[M].4版 .北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社， 2021. [6] 田其鑄 .汽車設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（整車底盤卷 ).長(zhǎng)春汽車研究所 .1998. [7] 王豐元，馬明星，鄒旭東 .汽車設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書 .北京：中國(guó)電力出版社， 2021. [8] 中華人民共和國(guó)汽車行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì) .QC/T290821992 汽車傳動(dòng)軸總成技術(shù)條件 [S].北京：中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社， 1992. [9]國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： GBT15892021/GBT29742021/GBT29772021/GBT29782021 [10]參考網(wǎng)頁(yè)：百度百科、卡車之家、中國(guó)第一汽車集團(tuán)有限公司官網(wǎng)等。 [11]龔禮洲 .基于知識(shí)的汽車車身總布置系統(tǒng)的研究和開發(fā) .吉林工業(yè)大學(xué)博士論文 .2021. [12]張楨琪 .基于國(guó)產(chǎn)三維 CAD軟件的載貨汽車設(shè)計(jì)及整車性能計(jì)算與評(píng)估系統(tǒng)研究 .西南交通大學(xué)博士論文 ,2021. [13]黃朝勝 .重型載貨汽車底盤性能設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)控制研究 .吉林大學(xué)博士論文， 2021. 31 請(qǐng)刪除以下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O謝謝！??！ The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists39。 disdain for this taxation without representation (socalled because the colonies had no voice in the establishment of the taxes) gave rise to revolts such as the Boston Tea Party. However, even after the Revolutionary War and the adoption of the . Constitution, the main source of revenue for the newly created states was money received from customs and excise taxes on items such as carriages, sugar, whiskey, and snuff. Ine tax first appeared in the United States in 1862, during the Civil War. At that time only about one percent of the population was required to pay the tax. A flatrate ine tax was imposed in 1867. The ine tax was repealed in its entirety in 1872. Ine tax was a rallying point for the Populist party in 1892, and had enough support two years later that Congress passed the Ine Tax Act of 1894. The tax at that time was two percent on individual ines in excess of $4,000, which meant that it reached only the wealthiest members of the population. The Supreme Court struck down the tax, holding that it violated the constitutional requirement that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by population (pollock v. farmers39。 loan amp。 trust, 158 . 601, 15 S. Ct. 912, 39 L. Ed. 1108 [1895]). After many years of debate and promise, the sixteenth amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1913, providing Congress with the power to lay and collect taxes on ine without apportionment among the states. The objectives of the ine tax were the equitable distribution of the tax burden and the raising of revenue. Since 1913 the . ine tax system has bee very plex. In 1913 the ine tax laws were contained in eighteen pages of legislation。 the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, pared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure… . The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to reduce their taxable ine, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business…. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that will permit business to go on and industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law passed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelt39。s new deal, imposed a five percent excise tax on dividend 32 receipts, imposed a capital stock tax and an excess profits tax, and suspended all deductions for losses (June 16, 1933, ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195). The repeal in 1933 of the eighteenth amendment, which had prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol, brought in an estimated $90 million in new liquor taxes in 1934. The social security act of 1935 provided for a wage tax, half to be paid by the employee and half by the employer, to establish a federal retirement fund (Old Age Pension Act, Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620). The Wealth Tax Act, also known as the Revenue Act of 1935, increased the maximum tax rate to 79 percent, the Revenue Acts of