【正文】 主流，它可以攪拌流動性、半干硬性和干硬性等多種 混凝土 。自落式攪拌主機主要攪拌流動性混凝土，在攪拌站中很少使用。 強制式 攪拌機 按結(jié)構(gòu)形式分為主軸 行星攪拌機 、 單臥軸攪拌機 和雙臥軸攪拌機 ， 而其中尤以雙臥軸強制式攪拌機的綜合使用性能最好。 攪拌機設(shè)計合理，攪拌時問短、消耗低、噪聲小、易損件壽命長 ， 攪拌葉片與襯板均使用耐磨材料，經(jīng)久耐用，拆卸更換方便 ， 驅(qū)動裝置及軸端密 封仿意大利仕高瑪技術(shù) ，卸料門為氣動控制，有三個停留點及手動開閘，無噪音。 外圍部分 物料貯存系統(tǒng) 混凝土可用的物料貯存方式基本相同。骨料露天堆放（也有城市大型 商品混凝土攪華北水利水電大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計 26 拌站 用封閉料倉）；粉料用全封閉鋼結(jié)構(gòu)筒倉貯存；外加劑用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)容器貯存。 控制系統(tǒng) 攪拌站的控制系統(tǒng)是整套設(shè)備的中樞神經(jīng)?？刂葡到y(tǒng)根據(jù)用戶不同要求和攪拌站的大小而有不同的功能和配制，一般情況下施工現(xiàn)場可用的小型 攪拌站控制系統(tǒng) 簡單一些，而大型攪拌站的系統(tǒng)相對復(fù)雜一些。 華北水利水電大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計 27 第六章 總結(jié) 于我國的城市化進程不斷向前推進，預(yù)拌混凝土在全國大中城市得到了迅速發(fā)展和推廣應(yīng)用，混凝土攪拌站也得到了高速發(fā)展。目前我國混凝土攪拌站生產(chǎn)企業(yè)眾多，產(chǎn)品已形成系列化，但技術(shù)水平參差不齊，只有部分產(chǎn)品接近國際先進水平，有些技術(shù)已經(jīng)超過進口混凝土攪拌站的水平，其中部分產(chǎn)品具有自動化程度高、生產(chǎn)能力高、稱量精度高、投資少、攪拌質(zhì)量好，能實現(xiàn)多倉號、多配合比、不間斷地連續(xù)生產(chǎn)以及主機及其主要元器件的國產(chǎn)化程度高等優(yōu)點，但我國的混凝土攪拌站還存在著整體技術(shù)含量不高、普及率不高、地區(qū)差異較大、智能化程度不高和環(huán)保性能不高等缺點。 一個全套的攪拌裝置是由許多臺主機和一些輔助設(shè)備組成，它是最基本的組成部分有以下五個：料斗設(shè)備、稱量設(shè)備、運輸設(shè)備、攪拌設(shè)備和輔助設(shè)備。本論文以前兩個設(shè)計為重點和闡述。 料倉是一整套包括料倉以及給料機貨閘門，料位指示器，沙石含水測定儀等的裝置。作用是儲存混凝土所需要的原材料。此外，料倉的結(jié)構(gòu) 還應(yīng)使物料在自重下卸載。料倉上部都有除塵裝置和安全卸壓保護裝置，以防粉塵污染環(huán)境，以及當水泥罐車向料倉注入粉料，料倉內(nèi)氣壓過高是自動打開卸壓料倉底部裝有起動破拱裝置，當內(nèi)粉起拱時，向料倉內(nèi)注入壓縮空氣破拱，便于粉料進入水泥螺旋輸送機。 混凝土攪拌站的稱量過程可以分為兩個階段：粗略稱量和精確稱量，通過這兩種方法相結(jié)合的方式可以大大節(jié)省稱量時間?？刂葡到y(tǒng)通過電磁氣閥操縱氣缸來驅(qū)動貯料倉的給料閘門完全打開從而按照混凝土的配合比設(shè)定稱量原材料。當測定值接近設(shè)定值的85%~90%時，控制系統(tǒng)逐漸關(guān)小貯料倉給料閘門 ，測定值與設(shè)定值不斷比較進行精稱，直至達到設(shè)定值。這時控制系統(tǒng)會完全關(guān)閉閘門，并由顯示部分顯示測定值。 此次設(shè)計綜合了各個方面的知識儲備，讓我受益匪淺。 華北水利水電大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計 28 參考文獻 [1] 嚴大考 .結(jié)構(gòu)力學與鋼結(jié)構(gòu) [M].河南：黃河水利出版社， 2021： 158～ 200 [2] 張洪欣 .混凝土配料設(shè)計 [M] .北京：機械工業(yè)出版社， 1981： 106～ 126 [3] 陳家瑞 .攪拌機原理 [M] .第二版 .北京：機械工業(yè)出版社， 2021： 40～ 61 [4] 韓懷強 .粉煤灰利用技術(shù) [M].北京：化學工業(yè)出版社， 2021： 70～ 83 [5] 彭文生，張志明，黃華梁 .機械設(shè)計 [M].北京：高等教育出版社， 2021： 96～ 138 [6] 劉惟信 .水泥細致分析 [M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社， 2021： 32～ 81 [7] 陳煥江，徐雙應(yīng) .交通運輸專業(yè)英語 [M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社， 2021： 20～ 30 [8] 劉鴻文 .簡明材料力學 [M].北京：高等教育出版社， 1997： 254～ 259 [9] 周一明，毛恩榮 .車輛人機工程學 [M].北京：北京理工大學出版社， 1999： 154～ 174 [10] 陳殿云，張淑芬，楊民獻 .工程力學 [M].蘭 州：蘭州大學出版設(shè)， 2021： 182～ 196 [11] 葛志祺 .簡明機械零件設(shè)計手冊 [M].北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社， 1985： 14～ 16， 113～115 [12] 濮良貴，紀名剛 .機械設(shè)計 [M].第七版 .北京：高等教育出版社， 2021： 184～ 223 [13] 王昆，何小柏，汪信遠 .課程設(shè)計手冊 [M].北京：高等教育出版社， 1995： 47～ 49 [14] 侯洪生，王秀英 .機械工程圖學 [M].北京：科學出版社， 2021： 225 [15] 運輸機械設(shè)計選用手冊 [M].北京：化學工業(yè)出版社， 2021： 158～ 200 [16] 朱龍根 .機械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 [M].河南：機械設(shè)計出版社， 2021： 32～ 290 華北水利水電大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計 29 致 謝 附 錄 一 .外文翻譯 CONCRETE MIXING PLANT The apparatus of the present invention relates generally to concrete mixing plants and more specifically to such plants utilized to automatically and continuously mix separate concrete ponents into a wide range of predetermined quantities or batches. Conventional concrete plants and mixer trucks that can normally only be utilized for mixing single large batches of concrete. Such apparatus often are preset to mix a batch that is too large for a specific job. The remaining concrete must either be dumped or resold. If the remaining concrete is to be resold, it often must be watered down before it reaches the second job site. Conventional truckmounted mixers are necessarily large in volume, to acmodate the labor cost of the individual driver. Furthermore, the concrete 華北水利水電大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計 30 must be used within a fixed time span from its receipt in the truck. Delays in transit or unforeseen delay at the site of usage make it difficult to maintain a constant delivery schedule. Usually excess trucks and drivers must be used to assure a ready supply of concrete. Much greater control of concrete consistency and cost is possible by onsite mixing. However, conventional concrete mixers are designed for large scale batch mixing. The mixer described below fills the need for an onsite mixer readily adjustable to meet the instant demands of the user as to quantity and quality. A further problem is that with a premixed batch, it is difficult or impossible to make last minute adjustments in mixture proportions. This difficulty arises frequently in areas where quick climate changes are mon and further, where specific building construction techniques call for different concrete stress characteristics. These problems are realized to a limited degree by the apparatus disclosed in . Pat. Nos. 3,339,898 and 3,469,824 granted to Futtyetal. These patents disclosed mixing methods and mixing truck constructions where in concrete ponents are supplied to an elongated trough. An elongated shaft is provided within the trough having a plurality of spatially disposed mixing paddles and helical feeding screws. Rotation of the shaft simultaneously mixes the particulate ingredients and moves them toward an output end. . Pat. No. 3,310,293 granted to Zimmerman discloses a concrete mixing 華北水利水電大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計 31 and delivery system wherein concrete ponents are held within a plurality of bins supported on a truck frame. The ponents are held separately within the bins that provide means for dispensing predetermined amounts of the ponents onto an elongated conveyor belt. The conveyor delivers the separate ponents to an external mixing trough where water is applied to the dry ponents and they are mixed by an elongated auger within the mixing trough. Another patent granted to Futty, . Pat. No. 3,336,011, discloses a system and means for selectively mixing concrete and incorporating additives therein which, like the Zimmerman apparatus, deposits concrete ponents onto a conveyor and delivers them separately to a mixing trough. Water is added to the ponents at the mixing trough as an auger is rotated to mix the ponents together. The principal feature of this invention is the provision of separate water supply systems in which either pure water or an antifreeze solution may be selectively applied to the mixture. A further patent granted to Futty, . Pat. No. 3,623,708 discloses a system and means for selectively mixing concrete and incorporating dry additives therein. T