【正文】 重要 的地位。中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)投資范圍極其狹窄，主要集中在銀行存款和國(guó)債等固定收益類的金融產(chǎn)品上，投資收益低下，抗利率變動(dòng)能力低。在目前 賠付水平較低（以 2021 年為例，全年綜合賠付率僅為 50％左右），保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)還有較大盈利空間的情況 下，依靠銀行存款、國(guó)債等固定收益類金融產(chǎn)品的收益穩(wěn)定，矛盾還不突出（事實(shí)上， 1996 年 8 月以來連續(xù) 8 次下調(diào)利率給壽險(xiǎn)業(yè)帶來的數(shù)百億的巨額利差損，僅靠銀行存款、國(guó)債等固定收益類金融產(chǎn)品的增值收益已很難奏效）。隨著保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈，當(dāng)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)的盈利空間越來越小甚至出現(xiàn) 虧損時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)公司通過合法的保險(xiǎn)投資不能有效增強(qiáng)其償付能力，一旦 面臨投資收益 不足以彌補(bǔ)保單虧損時(shí)，可能 進(jìn)行地下非法投資活動(dòng)，以期獲得 較高的投資收益，使保險(xiǎn)公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加大 ，造成金融市場(chǎng)混亂，也加大 了保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管部門的監(jiān)管難度。 造成中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)投資渠道狹窄的原因是多方面 的，其中很重要 的兩點(diǎn)：一是投資環(huán)境遠(yuǎn)未成熟客觀上限制了保險(xiǎn)投資渠道拓寬。以證券市場(chǎng)為例， 1999 年 10 月起，保險(xiǎn)投資渠道增加 了證券投資基金，但受制于中國(guó)證券市場(chǎng)較低的發(fā) 展水平和證券基金吸納保險(xiǎn)投資的有限能力，導(dǎo)致 一方面 證券投資基金的收益不穩(wěn)定，另一方面 ，證券投資基金在保險(xiǎn)投資中的比例有限。無(wú)論從投資比例和投資收益角度，證券投資基金還只是一種嘗試；二是保險(xiǎn)公司面對(duì)投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的自我約束能力較差，保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)不得不對(duì)保險(xiǎn)投資渠道進(jìn)行謹(jǐn)慎限制，實(shí)行嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管。比如：在《保險(xiǎn)法》頒布實(shí)施之前，對(duì)保險(xiǎn)投資監(jiān)管較松的情況 下，保險(xiǎn)公司大量投資于不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，企業(yè)貸款，不計(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，結(jié)果形成 巨額的呆賬和壞賬至今未能消除。 （三）監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏必要的獨(dú)立性和權(quán)威性，影響其監(jiān)管的有效性 要保證任何 一項(xiàng)監(jiān)管的有效性，首先監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和監(jiān)管對(duì)象必須 是獨(dú)立的，尤其經(jīng)濟(jì)上必須 相互獨(dú)立。而作為 中國(guó)主要監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的中國(guó)保監(jiān)會(huì)在經(jīng)財(cái)政部和國(guó)家計(jì)委批準(zhǔn)后，從 1999 年度起向作為 監(jiān)管對(duì)象的各商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)公司和保險(xiǎn)中介機(jī)構(gòu)征收保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)監(jiān)管費(fèi)，雖然實(shí)行收支兩條線，但中國(guó)保監(jiān)會(huì)（包括 派出機(jī)構(gòu)，下同） 的開辦費(fèi)和必要的業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)費(fèi)開支，中國(guó)保監(jiān)會(huì)工作人員經(jīng)費(fèi)開支，全國(guó)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)購(gòu)置安裝費(fèi)以及與境外保險(xiǎn)公司及監(jiān)管部門的業(yè)務(wù)往來、信息交流費(fèi)用（國(guó)外保險(xiǎn)資金通?？赏顿Y債券、抵押貸款、股票、不動(dòng)產(chǎn)及保險(xiǎn)貸款等。不同國(guó)家投資重點(diǎn)有所不同，以美國(guó)為例，股票和不動(dòng)產(chǎn)是保險(xiǎn)資金的重要 投資途徑，而日本則以保險(xiǎn)貸款為主）等都來源于此，這在客觀上已使監(jiān)管部門與作為 被監(jiān)管對(duì)象的保險(xiǎn)公司、保險(xiǎn)中介機(jī)構(gòu)等在利益上掛鉤，監(jiān)管部門的獨(dú)立性和公正性受到質(zhì)疑。其次，保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)威性是實(shí)現(xiàn)有效監(jiān) 管的另一保證，其重要 表現(xiàn)就是 是否具有處置權(quán)，中國(guó)保監(jiān)會(huì)缺乏權(quán)威性也表現(xiàn)在 此。以市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入為例，中國(guó)保監(jiān)會(huì)對(duì)保險(xiǎn)公司的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入并沒有實(shí)際 的處置權(quán)力。加上中國(guó)保監(jiān)會(huì)的法律地位尚未確立，對(duì)監(jiān)管對(duì)象違規(guī)行為的行政處罰和法律制裁往往 也流于形式，造成這種狀況的根本原因是行政干預(yù)過多。 此外，在中國(guó)目前實(shí)行的市場(chǎng)行為和償付能力并重的監(jiān)管模式下，比較偏向于對(duì)市場(chǎng)行為合規(guī)性的靜態(tài)監(jiān)管，而忽視了真正的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng) 估和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，特別缺少對(duì)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤分析，使得監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)之間存在嚴(yán)重的信息不對(duì)稱，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)很難通過對(duì)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)市場(chǎng)行為監(jiān)管實(shí)現(xiàn)其監(jiān)管的目的；在償付能力監(jiān)管中，對(duì)準(zhǔn)備金提取、保險(xiǎn)投資、保單形式等都由中國(guó)保監(jiān)會(huì)制定或?qū)徟?，這一方面 在很大程度 上限制了保險(xiǎn)公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)空間，同時(shí) 也增大了監(jiān)管難度。 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝！??！【 China39。s 10 mustsee animations】 The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 mustsee classics from China39。s animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Let39。s recall these colorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫蘆娃 ) is a Chinese animation TV series produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state pared to the rest of the international munity. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of papercut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑貓警長(zhǎng) ) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2021, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series39。 violence, and lack of suitability for children39。s education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir and teacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The hero39。s real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of passion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克與貝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和貝塔 ) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who don39。t want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they cofounded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very pact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天書奇談 ) also referred to as Legend of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid bination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature Ping Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppression of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the book39。s contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heaven39。s law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinese painting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demonstrate the unique beauty of China39。s natural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋與灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊與灰 太狼 ) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them. It is a popular domestic animation series and has been adapted into movies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（ Chinese: 哪吒鬧海） is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel Fengshen Yanyi. A mother gave birth to a ball of flesh shaped like a lotus bud. The father, Li Jing, chopped open the ball, and beautiful boy, Nezha, sprung out. One day, when Nezha was seven years old, he went to the nearby seashore for a swim and killed the third son of the Dragon King who was persecuting local resi