【正文】 家 朱有 燉 的雜劇《繼母大賢》和元代關(guān)漢卿的雜劇《 蝴蝶夢(mèng) 》都寫(xiě)了兄弟爭(zhēng)死、繼母保全前妻之子的故事，這是當(dāng)時(shí)民間流行的一個(gè)題材。 1明代劇作家 康海 的雜劇《中山狼》借寓言來(lái)抒寫(xiě)自己的心情，王九思的雜劇《 杜子美沽酒游春 》則借前代詩(shī)人杜甫之口發(fā)泄自己的積憤。 1明代劇作家 馮惟敏 的雜劇《不伏老》寫(xiě)梁顥八十二歲中狀元的故事，是戲曲史上首部以科舉考試為表現(xiàn)對(duì)象的作品。王衡的雜劇《 郁 輪袍 》寫(xiě)唐代大詩(shī)人 王維 科舉考試的經(jīng)歷， 沈自徵 的《霸亭秋》寫(xiě)杜默落地后在霸王廟哭訴，都表現(xiàn)了對(duì)科舉制度的批判和反思。 1明代劇作家 王驥德 的雜劇《男王后》反映了晚明文人的激情縱欲、追求世俗享受；呂天成取材才《孟子》的雜劇《 齊東絕倒 》則通過(guò)對(duì)舜等古圣賢的戲謔，表現(xiàn)了晚明文人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的挑戰(zhàn)。 1明代徐復(fù)祚的雜劇《 一文錢 》刻畫(huà)了一個(gè)貪得無(wú)厭、愛(ài)財(cái)如命的吝嗇鬼盧至的形象，劇中還帶有濃厚的佛教色彩，顯示出佛教對(duì)晚明文人的影響。 1許潮的劇作多以文人的游宴雅集為題材，如《 蘭亭會(huì) 》一劇寫(xiě)王羲之、謝安等人上巳集會(huì)修禊，表達(dá)了作者對(duì)這種風(fēng)雅的傾慕。 1孟稱舜將其《古今名劇合選》所選雜劇分為婉麗、雄爽兩類，并根據(jù) 柳永 的《雨霖鈴》中 “ 楊柳岸曉風(fēng)殘?jiān)?” 和 蘇軾 的《念奴嬌》中 “ 一樽還酹江月 ” 之意，分別命名為《 柳枝集 》和《 酹江集 》。 1南戲《 白兔記 》寫(xiě)劉知遠(yuǎn)由流浪漢而成為皇帝的故事，屬于在民間頗受歡迎的發(fā)跡變泰題材。 明初劇作家 丘 璿 的《五倫全備記》和邵燦的《 香囊記 》在創(chuàng)作主旨和情節(jié)安排上都亦步亦趨地追隨高明的《琵琶記》。 2南戲《 王 狀元荊釵記 》與《張協(xié)狀元》、《趙貞女》等譴責(zé)文人負(fù)心的作品不同，它借書(shū)生王十朋和錢玉蓮的愛(ài)情故事，贊揚(yáng)了文人在科場(chǎng)得意后對(duì)愛(ài)情的忠貞。 2四大南戲之一的《拜月亭》是根據(jù)元代劇作家 關(guān)漢卿 的雜劇《閨怨佳人拜月亭》改編的。劇中描寫(xiě)了蔣世龍與王瑞蘭、陀滿興福與蔣瑞蓮聚散悲歡的愛(ài)情故事。 2趙五娘和李瓊梅分別是南戲《 琵琶記 》和《 小孫屠 》中的人物。 2梁辰魚(yú)創(chuàng)作的傳奇《 浣紗記 》是第一部用改革后的昆山腔演唱的劇本，它使昆山腔戲曲舞臺(tái)上迅速流傳開(kāi)來(lái)。 2 “ 燈前修本 ” 是明代傳 奇《 鳴鳳記 》的一個(gè)片斷。這部傳奇表現(xiàn)了嘉靖年間楊繼盛等忠義之士與權(quán)奸嚴(yán)嵩父子的斗爭(zhēng)，開(kāi)啟了此后時(shí)事劇的創(chuàng)作。 2古代戲曲中常用誤傳錯(cuò)認(rèn)法來(lái)結(jié)撰情節(jié)。阮大鋮的《 燕子箋 》一劇就以十錯(cuò)認(rèn)造成一系列的波瀾，堪稱錯(cuò)認(rèn)法的典范之作。 2湯顯祖的 “ 玉茗堂四夢(mèng) ” 包括傳奇《牡丹亭》、《邯鄲記》和《 荊釵記 》、《 南柯記 》。 2明代著名劇作家湯顯祖又成為其他劇作的表現(xiàn)對(duì)象，如清代蔣士銓的《 臨川夢(mèng) 》就以戲曲形式為湯顯祖作傳。 2明代是中國(guó)戲曲理論發(fā)展的重要時(shí)期，著名劇作家 徐渭 的 《南詞敘錄》是第一部南戲概論性質(zhì)的專著。而王驥德的《 曲律 》則是一部具有承上啟下作用的著作。 沈 璟 的《南九宮十三調(diào)曲譜》則為創(chuàng)作提供了一本可依賴的工具書(shū)。 清初傳奇創(chuàng)作非常繁榮，洪昇的《 長(zhǎng)生殿 》和 孔尚任 的《桃花扇》代表了這一階段傳奇創(chuàng)作的最高成就。 3 “ 原來(lái)姹紫嫣紅開(kāi)遍，似這般都付與斷井頹垣 ” ，是傳奇《 牡丹亭 》中的曲詞。 3明代很多劇作家追隨湯顯祖謳歌真情，如孟稱舜的劇作《 嬌紅記 》歌頌王嬌娘和申純至死不渝的愛(ài)情?！? 二胥記 》則歌頌了伍子胥滅楚復(fù)仇之孝和申包胥復(fù) 楚之忠。 3明代作家 沈 璟 的劇作很注意對(duì)詼諧的追求，他的《博笑記》就是一部演 “ 可喜可怪之事 ” ， “ 俱可絕倒 ”的作品。 3明代很多劇作取材于《水滸傳》，如 李開(kāi)先 創(chuàng)作的《寶劍記》演林沖被逼上梁山的故事。沈璟的《義俠記》演英雄 武松 的故事。 3清初以李玉為代表的蘇州派劇作家，以戲曲來(lái)反映現(xiàn)實(shí)政治和平民生活，李玉、朱素臣等合作的《 清忠譜 》是其代表作之一，劇中反映了東林黨人和蘇州人民反閹黨魏忠賢的斗爭(zhēng)。 3白樸的雜劇《 梧桐雨 》描寫(xiě)了唐明皇和楊貴妃的愛(ài)情故事， 馬致遠(yuǎn) 創(chuàng)作 的《漢宮秋》則描寫(xiě)了漢元帝和昭君之間的感情。 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?！【 China39。s 10 mustsee animations】 The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 mustsee classics from China39。s animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Let39。s recall these colorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫蘆娃 ) is a Chinese animation TV series produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state pared to the rest of the international munity. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of papercut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑貓警長(zhǎng) ) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2021, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series39。 violence, and lack of suitability for children39。s education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir and teacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The hero39。s real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of passion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克與貝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和貝塔 ) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who don39。t want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they cofounded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very pact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天書(shū)奇談 ) also referred to as Legend of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid bination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature Ping Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppression of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the book39。s contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heaven39。s law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinese painting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demonstrate the unique beauty of China39。s natural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋與灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊與灰 太狼 ) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them. It is a popular domestic animation series and has been adapted into movies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（ Chinese: 哪吒鬧海） is an outstanding animation issued by the Mini