【正文】 他訴訟參與人的參加下，對(duì)具體行政行為進(jìn)行審理并作出裁決的活動(dòng)。 ：是指有關(guān)調(diào)整人民法院和訴訟參加人以及其他訴訟參與人在審理行政案件所進(jìn)行的各種訴訟活動(dòng)以及所形成的各種訴訟關(guān) 系的法律規(guī)范的總稱。 ：是指由《行政訴訟法》所規(guī)定的用以指導(dǎo)整個(gè)行政訴訟活動(dòng)或者行政訴訟主要階段的活動(dòng)的基本準(zhǔn)則。 ：是指在法律，法規(guī)沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定必須經(jīng)過(guò)復(fù)議的情況下，相對(duì)方對(duì)行政處理決定不服時(shí)，既可以先向上一級(jí)行政機(jī)關(guān)或法律規(guī)定的特定機(jī)關(guān)申請(qǐng)，對(duì)復(fù)議決定不服，再向人民法院起訴，也可以不經(jīng)復(fù)議直接向人民法院起訴。 ：是指人民法院對(duì)被訴人具體行政行為經(jīng)過(guò)審理后改變?cè)摼唧w行政行為的權(quán)力。 87．行政訴訟受案范圍：又稱人民法院主管范圍，是指人民法院受理并審理 行政爭(zhēng)議的范圍。 ：是指上下級(jí)人民法院之間和同級(jí)人民法院之間受理第一審行政案件的分工和權(quán)限。 ：是指人民法院在某些特殊情況下，以裁定的方式確定行政案件的管轄法院。 ：是指同級(jí)人民法院之間受理第一審行政案件的分工和權(quán)限。 ：是指在人民法院組織系統(tǒng)內(nèi)劃分上下級(jí)人民法院之間受理第一審行政案件的分工和權(quán)限。 92．行政訴訟參加人：是指因與行政爭(zhēng)議存在直接利害關(guān)系而參加行政訴訟的整個(gè)過(guò)程或主要階段的人及與他們的訴訟地位相類似的人。 93．行政訴訟參與人：是指 除審判人員，書(shū)記員，執(zhí)行人員以外的參與行政訴訟的人。 94．行政訴訟當(dāng)事人：事指因具體行政行為發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議，以自己的名義到法院起訴 `應(yīng)訴和參加訴訟，并受法律裁判約束的公民，法人和其他組織以及行政機(jī)關(guān)。 95．行政訴訟原告：是指認(rèn)為行政機(jī)關(guān)的具體行政行為侵犯其合法權(quán)益，或與具體行政行為有法律上的利害關(guān)系，而依法以自己的名義向人民法院起訴的公民，法人和其他組織。 96．行政訴訟被告：是指作出原告認(rèn)為侵犯其合法權(quán)益并向人民法院提出訴訟的具體行政行為，而由人民法院通知應(yīng)訴的行政機(jī)關(guān)或法律，法規(guī)授權(quán)的組織。 97．起訴： 事指公民，法人或者其他組織認(rèn)為自己的合法權(quán)益受到行政機(jī)關(guān)具體行政的侵害，而向人民法院提出訴訟請(qǐng)求，要求人民法院通過(guò)行使審判權(quán)，依法保護(hù)自己合法權(quán)益的訴訟行為。 98．執(zhí)行阻卻：是指人民法院在執(zhí)行過(guò)程中，導(dǎo)致執(zhí)行程序暫時(shí)不能進(jìn)行或者根本不能進(jìn)行的特殊情況。 99．第二審程序：是指上一級(jí)人民法院依照法律規(guī)定，根據(jù)當(dāng)事人在法定期限提出的上訴，對(duì)下一級(jí)人民法院作出的尚未生效的行政判決或者裁定進(jìn)行重新審理程序。 100．審判監(jiān)督程序：是指人民法院發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的判決，裁定違反法律 `法規(guī) `依法對(duì)案件再次進(jìn)行審理的 程序。 101．行政案件的執(zhí)行：是指人民法院依照法定程序，對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力的法律文書(shū)，在負(fù)有義務(wù)的一方當(dāng)事人拒不履行義務(wù)，強(qiáng)制其履行義務(wù)，保證生效法律文書(shū)的內(nèi)容得到實(shí)現(xiàn)的活動(dòng)。 ：是指由于某些特定的原因，使訴訟過(guò)程中斷或者不能按正常程序進(jìn)行審理和裁判。 ：是指人民法院在審理行政案件過(guò)程中，為保證審判活動(dòng)的正常進(jìn)行和人民法院裁判的順利執(zhí)行，對(duì)有妨害訴訟秩序行為的人所采取的強(qiáng)制手段。 104．執(zhí)行回轉(zhuǎn)：是指執(zhí)行程序完畢后，因據(jù)以執(zhí)行的法律文書(shū)依法被撤消，或者出現(xiàn)其他原因 ，又由執(zhí)行人員采取措施，恢復(fù)到執(zhí)行前的狀況。 105．再執(zhí)行：指執(zhí)行程序結(jié)束后，因發(fā)生某些特殊情況需要再執(zhí)行的，稱為再執(zhí)行。 ：是指用以證明案件事實(shí)的一切材料和事實(shí)。 ：是指當(dāng)事人雙方必須就應(yīng)由自己舉證的事實(shí)加以證明，否則便承擔(dān)敗訴風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及不利訴訟后果的訴訟法律責(zé)任。 ：是指人民法院受理，審理和執(zhí)行具體有涉外因素的行政案件所適用的訴訟程序。 ：就是在法院判決或者裁定前，按照法律規(guī)定的程序，放棄其起訴權(quán)的活動(dòng)。 110．訴訟中止：在訴訟過(guò)程中，由于發(fā)生 某種無(wú)法克服和難以避免的特殊情況，人民法院暫時(shí)停止訴訟程序的進(jìn)行。 111．訴訟終結(jié)：在訴訟過(guò)程中，發(fā)生某些無(wú)法克服和難以避免的特殊情況，作為人民法院暫時(shí)停止訴訟程序的進(jìn)行。 ：是指人民法院根據(jù)事實(shí)，依據(jù)法律法規(guī)參照規(guī)章，對(duì)審理終結(jié)的行政訴訟爭(zhēng)議，作出的實(shí)體裁判。 ：是指在行政訴訟過(guò)程中，人民法院針對(duì)行政訴訟程序問(wèn)題作出的裁決。 114．行政決定：是指人民法院在訴訟期間，對(duì)訴訟中遇到的特殊事項(xiàng)作出的裁決。 115．維持判決：是指人民法院經(jīng)過(guò)審理，認(rèn)定被訴具體行政行為證據(jù)確鑿， 適用法律法規(guī)正確，符合法定程序，作出的維持被訴具體行政行為的判決。 ：是指人民法院經(jīng)過(guò)審查作出的否定被訴具體行政行為合法的判決。 ：是指行政機(jī)關(guān)作出的具體行政行為超越了法律，法規(guī)的授權(quán)范圍。 ：是指行政機(jī)關(guān)作出的具體行政行為雖然在其自由裁量權(quán)限內(nèi)，但背離了法律，法規(guī)的目的和宗旨。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Forei gners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely ech