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審計(jì)過程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估過程-資料下載頁

2025-05-15 01:53本頁面
  

【正文】 User impact : 舞弊或違法行為造成的錯報(bào)比同樣金額的錯誤造成的錯報(bào)重要; 與合同條款(例如債務(wù)協(xié)議中的比率)有關(guān)的細(xì)小差異也可能是重要的; 單個賬戶的不重要的錯報(bào)可能累計(jì)為重要的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表錯報(bào)。 Factors affecting the preliminary judgment about materiality SEC staff accounting bulletin 99 ① 故意的錯誤計(jì)量引起的錯報(bào); ② 改變收益趨勢的錯報(bào); ③ 達(dá)到扭虧為贏或者相反目的的錯報(bào); ④ 重要分部或業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)生的錯報(bào); ⑤ 違反法規(guī)的錯報(bào); ⑥ 借以滿足債務(wù)契約的錯報(bào); ⑦ 關(guān)系到管理者報(bào)酬的錯報(bào); ⑧ 隱蔽非法交易的錯報(bào)。 重要性及其運(yùn)用 ?確定財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表層次的重要性 ?確定賬戶交易層次的重要性水平 Set Planning Materiality for the Statements as a Whole Not required to quantify Judgmental Rules of thumbs 5% to 10% of ine before tax 189。% to 1% of total asset 189。% to 1% of total revenue 1% of total equity Multiple bases of materiality ., ine is not misstated by $100,000, and total assets is not misstated by $300,000. materiality VS. volume of audit evidence (Audit cost)? “Investigate mis statements over $1.” A small materiality estimate will result in more/less evidence. A large materiality estimate will result in more/less evidence. “Investigate misstate ments over $1,000,000.” Allocate Planning Materiality Auditors initially set planning materiality for the statements as a whole, and then allocate this to individual accounts based on their susceptibility to misstatement 性質(zhì)上的重要性判斷 一般應(yīng)考慮的事項(xiàng)包括: ? 發(fā)生舞弊或者損失的可能性 ? 主觀判斷或者人為操縱的容易程度 ? 賬戶自身的性質(zhì)、如在建工程賬戶等 ? 數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算以及記賬的復(fù)雜性 ? 交易自身的性質(zhì)、如關(guān)聯(lián)方交易 圖表 83 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表層次和賬戶交易層次的重要性判斷 F/S項(xiàng)目 金額 金額重要 總分類賬戶 明細(xì)分類帳戶 性質(zhì)重要 綜合重要性 〈 B/S〉 貨幣資金 10,000 ○ 現(xiàn)金 本公司 ○ ○ A子公司 ○ 銀行存款 其他貨幣資金 短期投資 1,000 短期投資 ○ 跌價(jià)準(zhǔn)備 ○ 應(yīng)收票據(jù) 10,000 ○ 應(yīng)收票據(jù) ○ 應(yīng)收賬款 35,000 ○ 應(yīng)收賬款 國內(nèi)應(yīng)收賬款 ○ ○ 國外應(yīng)收賬款 ○ 壞賬準(zhǔn)備 ○ 預(yù)付賬款 400 預(yù)付賬款 存貨 8,000 ○ 產(chǎn)成品 ○ 存貨跌價(jià)準(zhǔn)備 ○ 其他流動資產(chǎn) 1,500 內(nèi)部往來 ○ ○ ……… Steps in Risk Assessments ? 了解 被審計(jì)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)以及行業(yè)情況 ? 評估 被審計(jì)企業(yè)所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及其對財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的影響 ? 初步評估 被審計(jì)企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告內(nèi)部控制 1. to identify related parties (SAS16關(guān)聯(lián)方及其交易 ) 2. SAS21了解被審計(jì)單位情況 requires a reasonable understanding of the client’s industry. 3. to identify the need for outside specialists (SAS12利用專家的工作 ) obtain background information Why should the auditor obtain background information? obtain client motivation Why should the auditor obtain background information? to misstate the financial statements SASX 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表審計(jì)中對舞弊的考慮 Are management bonuses based on ine? study corporate charter and bylaws study minutes of board and stockholder meetings study existing contracts obtain information about client’s legal obligations how? SAS21..違反法規(guī)行為 perform preliminary analytical procedures What are the purposes of preliminary analytical procedures? understanding the client’s industry assessing going concern issues indicating possible misstatements reducing detailed tests Sufficiently Welljustified Beliefs 審計(jì)人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估必須建立在具有充分正當(dāng)理由的信念( sufficiently welljustified beliefs)之上,審計(jì)人必須能夠?qū)λ私忉屵@種信念是正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛珊退凇? documentation ① 有關(guān)審計(jì)計(jì)劃的文件; ② 有關(guān)企業(yè)層次控制項(xiàng)目的文件; ③ 有關(guān)特殊項(xiàng)目審計(jì)的文件。 Risk Assessment at F/S Level 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表層次的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估是為了識別總體性的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告風(fēng)險(xiǎn)( Pervasive Financial Reporting Risks) ,比如持續(xù)經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、引起財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表重大錯報(bào)的舞弊或者錯誤。 Risk Assessment at CAB Level 賬戶余額以及交易循環(huán)層次的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估是為了識別賬戶交易層次存在的舞弊或者錯誤。審計(jì)人應(yīng)該針對個別認(rèn)定考慮賬戶交易層次的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 CAB: Classes of Transactions and Account Balances 圖表 89 賬戶余額以及交易循環(huán)和財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表認(rèn)定 財(cái)務(wù)信息的可靠性 表達(dá)和披露 賬戶余額或交易循環(huán) 估價(jià)和分?jǐn)?權(quán)利和義務(wù) 完整性 存在或發(fā)生 Two types of misstatements ? Misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting ? Misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets. IACP Primary Objectives ?Safeguarding the state’s assets ?Providing reliable financial information Internal Accounting Control Program 圖表 810 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估過程 編制審計(jì)計(jì)劃 執(zhí)行審計(jì)程序 評價(jià)審計(jì)證據(jù) 第 1階段 第 2階段 第 3階段 形成審計(jì)證據(jù)
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