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【正文】 QD is n = 1 ? one electron at a time jump through QD ? current is nearly a constant Single electron transistor (SET) Third electrode gate to adjust QD potential independently Another version of SET VG = V0 + V1 cos(2?ft) I = ef, SET can be used as a current standard Application example of SET: 參考文獻 1. P. Moriarty, Nanostructured materials, Rep. Prog. Phys. 64, 297 (2021). 2. G. Timp (ed), Nanotechnology (Springer, New York, 1999). 3. Hari Singh Nalwa (ed), Nanostructured materials and nanotechnology (Academic Press, London, 2021). 4. For 2021 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), see website 5. The Royal Society, Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties, (July 2021). 6. . Griffiths, Introduction to quantum mechanics (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1995). 7. . Davis, The physics of lowdimensional semiconductors: an introduction (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1998). 8. A. Shik, Quantum wells: physics and electronics of twodimensional systems (World Scientific, Singapore, 1997). 9. K. Barnham, D. Vvedensky (eds.), Lowdimensional semiconductor structures: Fundamentals and device applications (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2021). 10. . Ferry, . Goodnick, Transport in nanostructures (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1997). 11. T. Ando et al., Mesoscopic physics and electronics (Springer, Berlin, 1998). 12. S. Datta, . McLennan, Quantum transport in ultrasmall devices, Rep. Prog. Phys. 53, 1003 (1990). 13. . Thornton, Mesoscopic devices, Rep. Prog. Phys. 57, 311 (1994). 14. . Smith, Lowdimensional quantum devices, Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 235 (1996). 15. D. Ferry, . Barker, C. Jacaboni (eds.), Granular Nanoelectronics (Plenum, New York, 1990). 16. H. Grabert, . Devoret (eds.), Single charge tunneling: Coulomb blockade phenomena in nanostructures (Plenum, New York, 1992). 17. H. Koch, H. L252。bbig (eds.), Singleelectron tunneling and mesoscopic devices (Springer, Berlin, 1992). 18. . Reimann, M. Manninen, Electronic structure of quantum dots, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 1283 (2021). 19. . Visscher, Technology and applications of singleelectron tunneling devices (Delft University Press, Delft, 1996). 20. . Likharev, Singleelectron devices and their applications, Proc. IEEE 87, 606 (1999).
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