【導(dǎo)讀】博弈論是研究對策的理論,在當(dāng)今企業(yè)文化管理中,要求管理者有創(chuàng)新意識和團隊合作意識，加科學(xué)化,嚴謹化。一個部門或企業(yè)之內(nèi)解決這些問題，這類問題主要是對策性問題和各自雙方利益性問題。相博弈的雙方相互依賴性意味著企業(yè)之間的合作將是解決這類問題的有效途徑。是不存在超越企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間促成合作。的收益增長，某些企業(yè)也可能認為搭便車的收益更高。本文首先介紹了博弈論的相關(guān)背景知識和企業(yè)管?！癎ame”的基本意義是游戲，因此“GameTheory”。博弈論剛被介紹至我國時，有過多種譯法。近年來，學(xué)術(shù)界越來越多地接受了博弈論這一名稱,博弈論是運籌學(xué)的一個分支.現(xiàn)在，行為或策略中進行選擇并加以實施，各自取得相應(yīng)結(jié)果的過程。總之，博弈論是研究決策主體的行為發(fā)生直接相互作用時候的決策以及這種決策的均衡問題.即規(guī)定每個博弈方在。3．進行博弈的次序。在顯示的各種決策活動中，當(dāng)存在多個獨立決策進行決策時，

　　

【正文】 t players39。 rational response to achieve their best Nash equilibrium after their selection. We can use the rule of push down induction when facing Finite perfect information game. In 1975, Selten published the reexamination of balanced game in extension game” in the International Journal of Game Theory .He proposed tremblingh and perfect Nash equilibrium to improve the subgame Nash Equilibrium. The basic idea is: In the game, each player has a certain possibility to make mistakes (can shake hands).A bination of strategy is an equilibrium trembling, only when it allows each of the players are still the best of each strategy bination on the condition that all the players make mistakes. However, Trembling hand perfect Nash equilibrium can not pletely eliminate the lack of Nash equilibrium. Selten thought shaking is the same in all directions, which does not match with the fact. Because people always avoid make mistakes in the big decisions. So Myerson (R. Myerson) proposed a proper balance point in 1978 to further improve the point of trembling hand perfection. Later, Craig Phillips (D. Kreps) and Wilson (R. Wilson) in 1982 proposed the sequential equilibrium. Although some cumbersome mathematical are formal, the ideas are some advanced. 1950 and 1951 Nash noncooperative game theory on two key papers, pletely changed people39。s views on petition and market. He proved that noncooperative game and its equilibrium solution, and prove the existence of equilibrium, known as the Nash equilibrium. Game equilibrium and thus reveals the internal relations of economic balance. Nash39。s research laid the modern foundation of noncooperative game theory, game theory was basically research carried out along this main line. However, Nash has been the genius of discovery ? von Neumann rejected outright, before Einstein, he was cold. They are fundamentally challenge authority, flouting the authority of nature, so Nash insisted his views, and eventually became a generation master. If it were not afflicted with severe mental illness than 30 years, I am afraid he would have stood on the podium of the Nobel Prize, but also will not share this honor with others. Nash is a very gifted mathematician, his main contribution was from 1950 to 1951 when doctoral student at Princeton made. However, his genius found the balance of noncooperative game, the Nash equilibrium is not easy. Nash in 1948 to Princeton University, ., Department of readings. That year he was not yet 20 years old. Princeton was indeed outstanding, master clouds. Einstein, von Neumann ?, Liefuxieci (Mathematics Department), Albert ? Tucker, Alonzo ? these wonders, Harold ? Kuhn, Norman ? Steen Road, Elf ? Fox ... ... and so are all here. Game Theory ? mainly by von Neumann (19031957) created by the legislature39。s. He was born in Hungary, a mathematician of genius. He not only created the economic game theory, and the invention of the puter. In the early 20th century, Semei Lu (Zermelo), Borodin (Borel) and von Neumann had begun to study ? Game of the exact mathematical expression, until 1939, von Neumann met economist Oscar ? ? Menstern (Oskar Menstern), and cooperating with it to make game theory into the broad field of economics. 1944, he and Oscar Menstern co masterpiece, Game Theory and Economic Behavior, published, indicating that the modern system, the initial formation of game theory. Although the nature of the problem with the game of the 19th century can be traced back even earlier. For example, the 1838 Cournot (Cournot) duopoly game is simple。 1883 and 1925 Bertrand studied the yield and price of the two oligarchic monopoly。 2020 years ago, the descendants of the famous Chinese military strategist Sun Wu, Sun Bin Using game theory to help tian race win, and so are all the seeds of early game theory, which is characterized by sporadic, fragmented research, with a great chance, very system. ? von Neumann and Menstern39。s Game Theory and Economic Behavior, a book made of standard, extended and cooperative game model solution concepts and analysis methods, and laid the theoretical basis of this discipline. Cooperative game in the 20th century, reached a peak of 50 years. However, Neumann39。s game theory are also increasingly exposed the limitations, because it is too abstract, so that the scope of application is considerably limited, in a very long time, people know little about the research on game theory, just a few mathematicians patents, so the influence is very limited. It is at this time, noncooperative game Nash equilibrium came into being, and it marks a new era of game theory started! Nash is not a step by step the students, he often absent. According to his memories of the students, they do not remember who, when and Nash finished with pieces of having had a required course, but Nash argued that Lord Steyn at least been on the algebraic topology. Lord Steyn is precisely the founder of the discipline, but not in the last few classes, Nash found the course to not to his taste. So they leave. However, Nash is a Yingcai days after the extraordinary vertical figures, the Kingdom of his widely with each branch of mathematics such as topology, algebraic geometry, logic, game theory, etc., deeply fascinated. Nash often shows his unique confidence and arrogance, full of aggressive academic ambitions. Nash in 1950 are busy with the summer intensive examination, his research work was forced to interrupt game theory, he felt it was a great waste. Little do they know this temporary give up, the original fuzzy, messy, and a number of nonthread the idea, thinking in the ongoing subconscious, gradually form a clear context, a sudden inspiration came! This year, 10 months, he suddenly tide imaginative sense, the dream flower pen. One of the most dazzling highlight of the future called Nas