【正文】 porary, situationspecific roles which e into being only in and through language, like the discourse roles of questioner, informer, responder, and so on. Mode of discourse refers to the symbolic anization, the status and the semiotic function of the text in the context. The symbolic anization concerns both the medium in which text is encoded and the channel by which the text is transmitted. The semiotic function of the text in the context is realized in its rhetorical mode or genre: expository, didactic, persuasive, descriptive, illustrative, argumentative and the like (徐玉臣 , 2021, ). From above we can see that no matter how different their definitions of social context are, they all realize the important role of social context in munication and in meaning determination of text. Since translating process involves the determination of meaning, then context of situation will certainly have great influence on translation. The influence of situational context on literary translation Situational context, as stated before, is the immediate situation of utterances. Prexise understanding of any particular situational context may not only help the reader or the translator to prehend the right meaning of a mentioned word, sentence, paragraph or even a text, but more importantly, provide us with the information beyond what is stated. In the following part, the importance of situational context in proper translation of concrete environment, participants’ social status and educational background . Influence of the concrete environment Though many scholars began to study context from dynamic aspect, the static elements of context like the concrete situation also have influence on the meaning determination during translating. As we know that Malinowski postulated the notion of context of situation and context of culture, while attempting to resolve problems in interpreting the meaning of one specific culture, the Trobriand, to the members of European cultures. His notion of context of situation was pragmatically oriented as he selected for notice only such linguistic features as were essentially bound up with context of situation in trading, fishing, gardening and the like. (徐玉臣 , 2021, ) So we can see that Malinowski’s context of situation was “concrete situation” or “environmental reality” including all the immediate sights and sounds surrounding the speech events, which would have great influence on utterance interpreting and text translating. Then we will select some examples from translated versions of Tess of the D39。Urbervilles to see how these translators deal with the concrete environmental elements. (1) From the holiday gaieties of the field—the white gowns, the nosegays, the willowwands, the whirling movements on the green, the flash of gentle sentiment towards the stranger—to the yellow melancholy of this onecandled spectacle, what a step! ( Thomas Hardy, 2021, ) Zhang: 從剛才野外過節(jié)那種歡樂的氣氛里 —— 白色的長衫，叢叢的花束，柳樹的柔條，青草地上翩躚的旋舞，青年過客一時引起的柔情 —— 來到這蠟燭一支、光線昏黃的慘淡景象中，真是天上人間了！ (張谷若 , 2021, ) Sun: 剛才置身于戶外，陶醉在慶祝節(jié)日的歡樂之中 —— 白色的連衣裙、芬芳的花束、柳條兒、草地上的翩翩起舞，以及她內心深處對那位陌生小伙子所產生的一陣柔情 —— 此刻步入這僅有一支蠟燭的令人郁悒的昏暗環(huán)境里，真有天壤之別啊！ (孫致禮， 2021， ) Wang amp。 Nie: 從田野里節(jié)日的歡樂 —— 白色的 長袍，一束束鮮花，垂柳的枝條，草地上旋轉的舞步，對陌生人生出的柔情 —— 到一枝蠟燭的昏黃暗淡的景象，這是多么巨大的差異??！ (王忠祥 amp。 聶珍釗， 2021， ) Facing the concrete environment, a house lit with only a din candle, our heroin Tess naturally felt great change since she just came back from the cheerful recreational parade of girls held in the open country and her heart still clung to the outside play and amusement. The hyperbole “天上人間” adopted by Mr. Zhang in translating “ what a step” accurately reflected the actual feeling of Tess when facing the gloomy scene. Though the other two versions “真有天壤之別??！” and “ 這是多么巨大的差異啊！” also expressed Tess’ s feeling, while as for our Chinese readers, we are quite familiar with the different extent of the gap among“天上人間” ,“天壤之別”and“巨大的差異” , so it can be easily seen that only Zhang’s version“天上人 間” can better reflect Tess’s mental gap between the heavenly happiness and the worldly suffering. (2) “ Mother asked me to e,” Tess continued。 “and, indeed, I was in mind to do so myself likewise. But I did not think it would be like this. I came, sir, to tell you that we are of the same family as you.” (Hardy , 2021, ) Zhang: “ 是我母親讓我來的，”苔絲接著說，“實在我自己也同樣地想要來。不過沒想到會是這樣。先生，我是來告訴告訴你，我們跟你是本家?！?(張谷若 , 2021, ) Sun: “ 母親要我來的，”苔絲接著說，“不過實際上我自己也想來?？墒俏覜]有想到會是這樣。先生，我是來告訴你們，我們和你們是親戚?！?(孫致禮， 2021， ) Wang amp。 Nie: “ 是我母 親讓我到這兒來的，”苔絲接著說，“說實在的，我自己心里也愿意來。不過我沒有想到會是這樣。我到這兒來，先生，是想告訴你，我們都是一個家族的人?！?(王忠祥 amp。 聶珍釗， 2021， ) After the horse died, Tess thought she was the one who killed the horse and dragged her parents into quagmire, she was silently wondering what she could do to help them out of it。 then her mother broached her scheme—made Tess go to and claim kin, and ask for some help in this trouble. Facing this dilemma, Tess had to go to Trantirdge to visit the so called Mrs. d’Urberville, there she saw the old lady’s son, Alec, who was a stranger for her, and then she told him the reason why she came here under his requirement. She used ordinary English rather than dialect, since she realized Alec was a stranger, though she was at the same education level as the time she was talking with her parents. The three translators all used ordinary target language to translate Tess’s language. In parison, Zhang’s version was more idiomatic than the other two, like the relationship presented by“ 我們跟你是本家 ” was more close and more easily accepted by the ordinary Chinese readers. Besides, when she stayed with Clare in the dairy of Var Vale, she almost abandoned her dialect. Just as the novel told us that she used ordinary English abroad and to persons of quality. For her, Clare was the person of quality, who had great influence on her. His influenc