【導(dǎo)讀】論漢英翻譯中的假朋友。專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí):英語(yǔ)0702班。武漢理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）。學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明。除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包括任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或。撰寫(xiě)的成果作品。本人完全意識(shí)到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔(dān)。本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保障、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向有。關(guān)學(xué)位論文管理部門(mén)或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。權(quán)省級(jí)優(yōu)秀學(xué)士論文評(píng)選機(jī)構(gòu)將本學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行檢索，可。以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。本學(xué)位論文屬于1、保密囗，在年解密后適用本授權(quán)書(shū)。導(dǎo)師簽名：2020年月日。本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)任務(wù)書(shū)。要求完成的主要任務(wù):. [3]陳宏薇，李亞丹．新編漢英翻譯教程．上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，2020．

　　

【正文】 ntinue to unswervingly maintain social ability. We will continue to unswervingly carry out the independent foreign policy of peace. B： We will unswervingly focus on economic development, press ahead with reform and openingup, maintain social stability and pursue the independent foreign policy of peace. If all four ―堅(jiān)定不移地 ‖ are translated to unswervingly, the effect of the sentence is not to strengthen but to make the structure cumbersome. However, if we use four different adverbs to modify respectively, it looks like adverbs piling up. Just one adverb can work well. 2）身體 好 ，學(xué)習(xí) 好 ，工作 好 。 A： Good body, good study and good work. B： Keep fit, study well and work hard. The three Chinese characters―好 ‖can not be translated into good or well at all these situations. In version B, the translation chooses the collocation of ―V+Adv‖ to express. Three different verbs with three different adverbs effectively avoid the unnecessary repetition. Collocation errors Chinese and English are of great difference in collocation. Due to the interference of Chinese, the translation often involves the grammar mistakes and improper collocations. About grammar mistakes, the most distinctive improper collocation is caused by misuse of preposition. For example: 1)在老師的幫助下，我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M(jìn)步。 A： Under the help of our teachers, we made great progress. B： With the help of our teachers, we made great progress. (Revised) The improper collocations may appear in everywhere, such as in nouns, verbs and adjective phrases. For example: ―A‖ stands for original sentence in the problem of ―false friend‖, ―B‖ stands for the revised one. 武漢理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 7 2)我們一起跟著音樂(lè)跳舞吧 ! A： Let’s dance with the music. B： Let’s dance to the music. In English, ―dance with + sb‖, is the right collocation. Music is lifeless, how can people dance with a lifeless thing? The appropriate preposition is ―to‖. Inappropriate Omission Missing Subject Chinese likes talking in a round way, so it requires the listener to grasp the main idea that is not actually spoken out. However, Chinese is regarded as a ―topic prominent language‖, that is, the topic or the theme is highlighted in the sentence. As a result, the grammatical subject is often missed if it can be inferred from the context. But, when translators do ChineseEnglish translation, they need supplement the subject. For example: 1) 沉默啊，沉默！不在沉默中爆發(fā)，就在沉默中滅亡！ (魯迅《紀(jì)念劉和珍君》 ) A: Silence, silence! Not burst out in silence, then die in silence! B: Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence! （ Translated by Yang Xianyi, Dai Naidie） The translation B is added ―we‖ as the subject. As the result, the translation fully shows LuXun’s feeling: indignation at reactionaries who massacre the progressive people。 worries of the future and the fate of the country。 and the call on fight against the dark reign. 2) 到了濟(jì)南府，進(jìn)得城來(lái)，家家泉水，戶(hù)戶(hù)垂楊，比那江南風(fēng)景，覺(jué)得更為有趣。 (劉鶚《老殘游記》 ) A: To reach Jinan, get in the city, every house has following streams and every door has willow trees, delighted me even more than the scenery of the south. B: When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were following streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south. （ Translated by Yang Xianyi, Dai Naidie） The original Chinese material in above example has omitted the subjects, but it can be concluded through the context. The translation after added the main clause ―there be ‖ make it logical and easy to understand. Missing Connective In English, connectives are used to link clauses grammatically and logically. Opposite to English, connectives are often omitted in Chinese. The difference determines the two languages 武漢理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 8 to two kinds of sentence constructions: Chinese belongs to parataxis while English falls into hypotaxis. The World Book Dictionary defines the parataxis as ―the arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them.‖ By American Heritage Diction, hypotaxis refers to ―the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives‖. Nowhere is this more important than in the domain of logical connectives. Most often, when relations between ideas have only to be suggested in Chinese, they must be plainly stated in English. Barzun and Graff advise writers that ―to be heard and heeded you must do more than lay your ideas side by side… you must articulate them.‖1 ―Articulate‖—that is, to joint them together in a meaningful way—include some of the shortest and simplest in English: ―and,‖ ―but,‖ ―if,‖ ―also,‖ ―too,‖ ―since,‖ ―then,‖ ―unless‖ and so on. Take ―unless‖ as an example, it can make a logical connection not only between two independent clauses in the same sentence but also between two sentences. Look at the follow example, ―A‖ stands for original sentence in the problem of ―false friend‖, ―B‖ stands for the revised one. 人不犯我，我不犯人。 A: People don’t attack me, I don’t attack him/ her. B: We will not attack unless we are attacked. Here, ―unless‖ bines two independent sentences together. Compared with the version A, version B choose the collocation ―not… unless‖ to express which makes the sentence more logical. The Differentiation between Denotation and Connotation There are mainly two kinds of meanings: denotation and connotation. Denotation is the dictionary meaning and connotation refers to an idea suggested by words rather than the actual meaning. Actually, connotation is closed with the culture of a specific society. Ignorance of the connotation will lead to false friend. Take ―龍 ‖ and dragon for example. In Chinese, ―龍 ‖ is a miraculous animal in ancient legends, which has squama and horn. It can wa