【導讀】西比河畔的小男孩，湯姆索亞的小說。這部作品一問世，就受到成千上萬美國讀。者的關注，不光孩子們喜歡，成年人也不例外。因為這不僅僅是一部兒童讀本，更是作者從一個孩子的角度，對虛偽的大人世界的諷刺。無疑，湯姆是一個聰明。他敢于和現(xiàn)有的社會規(guī)則，大人世界的權威和偽善作斗爭。他從來沒有停止過對自由的追求的努力。之所以湯姆索亞受到許多人的佩服在于。人們對于自由和善良的渴望沒有消失。他的性格有著獨特的魅力。

　　

【正文】 shers, and they are convinced that is a special honor. When Tom cannot persuade Jim to replace his job, he begins to find for other means. He thinks that it would be a shame if his friends saw him, because they would make fun of him for having to work in such a beautiful day. He then plans to buy an exchange of work with his toys, but he soon finds his prosperity is too poor to buy half an hour. In a moment, he gets an idea. He thinks that he must work like an artist。 he pretends to be obsessed with his job when he saw Ben Rogers is ing towards him. Ben Rogers is manding his steamboat, the Big Missouri, and considers himself to be drawing nine feet of water. He is playing the captain, the sailor, and the steamboat all by himself. He believes Tom would be eager to join his play, but to his surprise, Tom does not show any interests to that. Tom does not show his real feeling, because he really knows that once accept his disadvantage, the initiative goes away. Tom tells Ben that one cannot get a chance to whitewash without a hitch, so it is much more valuable than being a captain if one obtains the chance. Tom can not only make Ben interests in his whitewashing but also make Ben be pride of this special work. 11 Tom contemplated the boy a bit ,and said“ What do you call work?” “Why, ain’t that work?” Tom resumed his whitewashing ,and answered carelessly:“ Well ,maybe it is ,and maybe it ain’t .All I know is ,it suits Tom Sawyer.” “Oh e, now, you don’t mean to let on that you like it?” The brush continued to move. “Like it? Well, I don’t see why I oughtn’t to like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day？ ‖(p310p311) Ben is not able to see through the tricks。 he gradually retracts his scornfulness and asks Tom if he could try some of them. That is exactly what Tom wants. He grants Ben a chance with bargaining chip, the apple. He successfully makes a deal with Ben and many other boys. That afternoon, being a poor, povertystricken boy in the morning, Tom is literally rolling in wealth. However, the most important is that the whole board fence has been whitewashed. At last, Tom discovers a great law of human action: in order to make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only necessary to make it difficult to attain. Mark Twain here uses Tom‘s whitewashing to express his own thoughts. The difference between play and work, Mark Twain points out that work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do and play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do. He powerfully criticizes the luxury of the aristocratic life. The wealthy gentlemen do not work but indulge themselves in wasting wealth. To portray a hero, Mark Twain intentionally enlarges Tom Sawyer‘s wit. For example, when Tom and Becky get lost in the cave, Tom behaves not like a child。 he is calm, brave and not scared at all, meanwhile, he forts Becky that there must be ways to survive. He searches for the path with a candle, and uses the kite strings to mark their trace. Everything seems to be useful for him. Tom‘s potential of being a hero is stimulated by the tough situation, the situation of choosing life or death. 12 B. Tom Sawyer‘s Leadership Tom‘s wit is embodied not only in play, but also in something more significant. He is a good mander, which is testified in the whole process of adventure to an island named Jackson. The island is narrow but long, lies in the middle for Mississippi. Tom makes up his mind when his affection is trampled by Becky. He feels like being abandoned by the world, he thinks the best choice is to disappear from their sight. Tom has always wanted to be a pirate, and now it is the time. He tells his best friend the plan, and they soon draw an agreement. Tom suggests that maybe Huckleberry would like to join them. The night they set off under the mand of Tom, they bring food, and each of them is granted a title. Tom‘s title is Black Avenger of the Spanish Main, Joe Harbor the Terror of seas, Huck Finn the RedHanded. It is interesting when we judge the children‘s dream. Actually, the title shows their dream, their sense of justice. Children always admire hero, since hero is the one that enjoys freedom, and sacrifices to save the people. Tom tells them that a pirate should do things as a pirate. On their way to the Jackson Island, Tom‘s desire of being captain is entirely satisfied when crossing the river. ―They shoved off, presently, Tom in mand, Huck at the after oar and Joe at the forward. Tom stood amidships, gloomy browed, and with folded arms, and gave his orders in a low, stern whisper that Luff, bring her to the wind. Tom is a captain of the small boat, but it shows his will of being a leader. In the movie Pirates of The Caribbean, we love captain Jack Sparrow for his wit, his way of doing things, and his leadership. When Tom and the other boys reach the destination, they immediately settle down, spread the tent as their bed. Since it is dark, they light a fire, with which they are capable of roasting food. Huck is smoking, which makes Tom and Joe jealous a lot, then they resolve to acquire. Tom thinks a real pirate should be able to smoke. He knows a lot about pirate, the way they work, talk and the rule they obey. He talks perkily when Joe asks him what pirates have to do. Tom says: ―Oh, they have just a bully timetake ships and burn them, and get the money and bury it in awful places in 13 their island where there is ghosts and things to watch it, and kill everybody in the shipsmake them walk a plank.‖ (p420)The first night of the adventure makes them excited very much。 they do not sleep well except Huck who has nothing to concern. Their disappearing upsets the whole town. Their family falls into deep sorrow, and people in the town begin to search the children‘s corpses, as they are convi