【導(dǎo)讀】據(jù)我所知，除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文（設(shè)計(jì)）不。包含其他個(gè)人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。對(duì)本論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的研究做出重。要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中作了明確說明并表示謝意。計(jì)）的電子版和紙質(zhì)版。有權(quán)將論文（設(shè)計(jì)）用于非贏利目的的少量。復(fù)制并允許論文（設(shè)計(jì)）進(jìn)入學(xué)校圖書館被查閱。保密的論文（設(shè)計(jì)）在解密后適用本規(guī)。文科類論文正文字?jǐn)?shù)不少于萬字。合國家技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。圖表整潔，布局合理，文字注釋必須使用工程字書寫，不準(zhǔn)用徒。在國際貿(mào)易活動(dòng)中，商務(wù)合同作為一種重要法律文件,涉及面廣泛而復(fù)雜，同時(shí)也有其自身的特點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)確性，專業(yè)性和規(guī)范性。量提出了非常高的要求。本文用大量的例子對(duì)商務(wù)合同的特征及對(duì)策做了全面的

　　

【正文】 r than force majeure, the defaulter shall be datable to pay the penalty. 凡因人力不可以外的原因，一方未能按時(shí)履約，而招致對(duì)方損失時(shí)，未能按時(shí)履約方應(yīng)付罰金。原文中 “shall” 在此不是表示 “ 將來時(shí) ” ，而是表示法律用語的語言形式，一般譯為 “ 應(yīng)該 ” 或 “ 應(yīng) ” ；如果譯為 “ 將 ” 則失去原文的風(fēng)格和特征，也就更說不上 “ 得 ”原文之 “ 體 ” 了。 Business contract with stylized prose language and structure of the layout of the form, also is the defining feature of its discourse structure. Translation form of some monly used in the program for Chinese to paraphrase or classical Chinese sentence, or in order to highlight the standardization of chapters, rigorous and precise. For example, This contract is made by and between the buyer and seller。 whereby the buyer agree to buy and the seller agree to sell the under mentioned modity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: 茲 經(jīng)買賣雙方同意，由買方購進(jìn)賣方出售下列貨物 ，并按下列條款從嚴(yán)簽訂本合約。 The L/G shall bee valid from the issuing date and shall bee null and void after the seller has pleted the delivery of the modities under the contract. 本擔(dān)保函自開立之日起生效，并將在賣方按合同完成送貨之日自動(dòng)失效。 11 Profession Normalization Professional normalization is symbolized in the proper terms and its special forms. The profession of contracts in clues law, economic trade, engineering, financial tax, insurance, storage, shipment, custom, modity inspection etc. It should be translated on the basis of fall understanding, careful, analysis and accordance with the language habit. The leader partner submits a copy of the short term cash flow which covers the period from September 1997 to February 1998. Mr. Marchesini highlights the main items of the cash flow, which are the payment for TBMS and plants, purchase of fixed assets and the advance payment to subcontractors for the expenditures. To translate these words, the key is to master some financial technical terms, such as, cash flow(資金流動(dòng)、現(xiàn)金流量、現(xiàn)金流轉(zhuǎn) )， endowment finch(留本基金、捐贈(zèng)基金 )， advance payment (預(yù)付款 )， receipt (收款、收據(jù)、收入 )， down payment (分期付款的定金、第一期付款、租購交易的定金 )， fixed asset (固定資產(chǎn) )， expenditure (支出、費(fèi)用、支出額、消費(fèi)額 ). If the technical terms cannot be understood, the translation will not proper. The exact translation should be,“ 責(zé)任方遞交了一份從 1997 年 9 月到時(shí)候 1998 年 2 月的短期現(xiàn)金流量表。馬切西尼先生強(qiáng)調(diào)指出：主要的現(xiàn)金流就收入款項(xiàng)而言有集資款和預(yù)付款，就支出款項(xiàng)而言有 TBM(隧洞掘進(jìn)機(jī) )設(shè)備定金、固定資產(chǎn)購置費(fèi)和分包商預(yù)付款。 ” The international economic activities are frequent, whose content is extensive, and includes different crossed subjects. The understanding of the words must cover the fields and forms. The translators should be sensitive and eloquent, dealing with the translation carefully. Otherwise, it will lead to the different explanation, curing the unfulfillment of the contracts. Translation： In case of losses caused by a breach of contract， the financial responsibility shall be borne by the party who has breached the contract． “ 經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任 ” mainly refers to the violation responsibility which the party violates the contracts. Its translation form includes “ 賠償損失 ” 、“支付違約金”、“支付遲延支付金額的利息”等， Therefore it should be translated into “financial responsibility” instead of “economic responsibility”。 買方自 1997 年 7 月 1 日起分三年償付賣方全部設(shè)備的總金額。 Translation： The buyers shall reimburse the sellers the total value of the entire equipment by installments in three years stating from July 1st， 1997． 12 Under the items of pensation contracts, “償付 ”refer to pensating the advance money for equipment by the seller. It should be translated into reimburse instead of settle, or lose the meaning of repayment. 13 Conclusion We found that the language of contract is different from daily language. Contract language is professional, long and plex and hard to understand. At the same time, contract, as the rights and obligations of both parties of an official document, is very strict. It is impossible to understand and to fulfill the contract lack of accuracy. As a translator to improve English and Chinese level, it should be familiar with contracts and their characteristics and cultural background which are not allowed to be neglected. It involves political, economic, religious and social practices. It is significant to translate the precise international trade contract. Only by obeying the practice, continuous study and summary, can translation ability be efficiently improved. 14 Bibliography [1] 陳建平 . 經(jīng)貿(mào)合同英語的語言特征及其翻譯 [J]. 中國翻譯 , 2020, (7) [2] 陳歐 . 外貿(mào)英語的語義辯 [J]. 中國科技翻譯 . 2020（ 4） [3] 陳準(zhǔn)民 . 商務(wù)英語翻澤 (漢澤英 )[M] .北京：高等教育出版社 , 2020 [4] 傅偉良 . 合同法律文件翻譯談 [J]. 中國翻譯， 2020, (5) [5] 胡庚申 . 國際商務(wù)合同起草與翻譯 [M]. 北京：外文出版社， 2020. [6] 李全申 . 談?wù)勆虅?wù)合同的翻譯 [J]. 中國翻譯 . 1998,（ 2） [7] 吳明忠 . 國際經(jīng)貿(mào)英語合同寫作 [M]．廣州：暨南大學(xué)出版社， 2020 [8] 張新紅 . 商務(wù)英語翻譯 (英譯漢 )[M], 北京 :高等教育出 版 社， 2020 [6] 何自然．語用學(xué)概論 [M]．長沙：湖南教育出版社， 2020 [7] 劉建芳．語境與語境理解 [J]．商丘師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)， 2020， (6) [8] 覃先美．高等學(xué) 校英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文導(dǎo)寫．長沙：湖南師范大學(xué)出版社， 2020 [9] 西光正．語境研究論文集．北京：北京語言學(xué)院出版社， 2020 [10] 約翰 費(fèi)斯克等編撰，李彬譯注．關(guān)鍵概念：傳播與文化研究辭典．北京：新華出版社， 2020 15 Acknowledgements I would like to take this chance to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Xiao Fuliang, who is the professor in the Foreign Language Department for her kind assistance and valuable suggestions during the process of my thesis writing. Her willingness to give her time so generously has been very much appreciated. My gratitude also extends to all the teachers who have taught me during my undergraduate years for their kind encouragement and patient instructions. Last but not the least。 I would like to offer my particular thanks to my friends and family, for their encouragement and support for the pletion of this thesis.