【導(dǎo)讀】小型電子聲光禮花器是模擬禮花燃放裝置，節(jié)日和慶典時燃放禮花，其絢麗繽紛的圖案，熱烈的爆炸聲、歡樂的氣氛，能給人們留下美好的印象，但有一定的煙塵污染和爆炸危險隱患。達到聲型兼?zhèn)涞男Ч?，給人們在安全、環(huán)保的環(huán)境中帶來輕松愉快的氛圍。電路結(jié)構(gòu)新穎、元件不多、調(diào)試簡單?？晒┬⌒推髽I(yè)工程技術(shù)人員開發(fā)設(shè)計。該裝置可在家庭慶典、朋友聚會、聯(lián)歡晚會、兒童玩具及一些趣味性

　　

【正文】 京航空 航天大學(xué)出版社 .2020. [25] 王傳新 .電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)實驗 分析、調(diào)試、綜合設(shè)計 (含光盤 )[M].高等 教育出版社 .2020. [26] 李正發(fā) .電工電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)實驗 [M].科學(xué)出版社 .2020. [27] 李懷甫 .電工電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) (實驗與實訓(xùn) )[M].機械工業(yè)出版社 .2020. [28] 楊茂宇 .電工電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)實驗 [M].華東理工大學(xué)出版社 .2020 [29] 王小海，蔡忠法 .電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)實驗教程 (電工電子實驗系列教材 ) [M].高等教育出版社 .2020. 哈爾濱工業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 26 附錄 1 譯文 小型電子聲光禮花器 小型電子聲光禮花器是一種模擬禮花燃放的電路，主要的工作內(nèi)容是模擬禮花色彩的發(fā)光和模擬禮花爆炸聲的發(fā)聲，廣泛應(yīng)用于家庭慶典、朋友聚會、聯(lián)歡晚會、兒童玩具及一些趣味性等場所的電子產(chǎn)品。 小型電子聲光禮花器實質(zhì)就是用一個振蕩電路發(fā)出方波振蕩信號觸發(fā)模擬禮花色彩的發(fā)光電路和模擬禮花爆炸聲的發(fā)聲的電路的方式，不僅應(yīng)用在電子聲光禮花器電路，在其它 的電路應(yīng)用也很普遍，如模擬電話鈴聲電路、簡易催眠器、直流電機調(diào)速控制電路、門鈴電路等。小型電子聲光禮花器與禮花炮相比具有環(huán)保、安全、適合在室內(nèi)等優(yōu)點，缺點是沒有禮花炮燃放時的那種像飄落了流星雨的感覺，而且電路復(fù)雜不易維修等。 在談小型電子聲光禮花器之前，先熟悉一下時基集成電路 555 振蕩電路， 555 集成電路開始是作定時器應(yīng)用的，所以叫做 555 定時器或 555 時基電路。但后來經(jīng)過開發(fā)，它除了作定時延時控制外，還可用于調(diào)光、調(diào)溫、調(diào)壓、調(diào)速等多種控制及計量檢測。此外，還可以組成脈沖振蕩、單穩(wěn)、雙穩(wěn)和脈沖調(diào)制電路 ，用于交流信號源、電源變換、頻率變換、脈沖調(diào)制等。由于它工作可靠、使用方便、價格低廉，目前被廣泛用于各種電子產(chǎn)品中，555 集成電路內(nèi)部有幾十個元器件，有分壓器、比較器、基本 RS 觸發(fā)器、放電管以及緩沖器等，電路比較復(fù)雜，是模擬電路和數(shù)字電路的混合體 ,如圖 1 所示。 555 集成電路是 8 腳封裝，雙列直插型，如圖 2(A)所示，按輸入輸出的排列可看成如圖 2(B)所示。其中 6 腳稱閾值端 (TH)，是上比較器的輸入； 2腳稱觸發(fā)端 (TR)，是下比較器的輸入； 3 腳是輸出端 (Vo)，它有 O 和 1 兩種狀態(tài)，由輸入端所加的電平?jīng)Q 定； 7 腳是放電端 (DIS)，它是內(nèi)部放電管的輸 哈爾濱工業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 27 出，有懸空和接地兩種狀態(tài)，也是由輸入端的狀態(tài)決定； 4 腳是復(fù)位端 (MR)，加上低電平時可使輸出為低電平； 5 腳是控制電壓端 (Vc),可用它改變上下觸發(fā)電平值； 8 腳是電源端， 1 腳是地端。 能產(chǎn)生有規(guī)律的脈沖電流或電壓的電路叫振蕩電路，時基集成電路555 振蕩電路就是能滿足這種條件的電路；它于十進制集成電路計數(shù)器 IC集成電雙向模擬開關(guān) CD406 RC 微分電路、三極管、發(fā)光二極管組成的模擬禮花色彩的發(fā)光電路。它們之間通過振蕩信號、脈沖信號、輸出信號相互作用而 導(dǎo)通點亮發(fā)光二極管。 目前，電子聲光禮花器以小型、輕量和環(huán)保的特點被廣泛應(yīng)用于家庭慶典、朋友聚會、聯(lián)歡晚會、兒童玩具及一些趣味性等場所，是當(dāng)今電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)飛速發(fā)展不可缺少的一種電子產(chǎn)品。目前市場上出售的電子聲光禮花器中主要以圍繞各類集成電路，集成芯片，高頻振蕩電路之間相互控制作用的高新電子技術(shù)，以單片機為基礎(chǔ)來設(shè)計模擬禮花燃放。 哈爾濱工業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 28 哈爾濱工業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 29 附錄 2 英文參考資料 Small electronic sound and light fireworks Small electronic sound and light fireworks is an analog fireworks discharge of the circuit, the main content of the work is luminous and simulation of analog fireworks color fireworks explosion sound audible, widely used in family celebrations, meet up with friends, party, children39。s toys, and some interesting places such as the electronic product. Small electronic sound and light fireworks essence is to issue a squarewave oscillation signal with an oscillation circuit triggered analog fireworks color lightemitting circuit and analog fireworks explosion sounder circuit manner, not only the application in the electronic sound and light fireworks circuit, in other also very mon circuit applications, such as analog phone ringing circuit, simple hypnosis, DC motor speed control circuit doorbell circuit. Small electronic sound and light firew orks ceremony fireworks pared with the environmental, safety, suitable for indoors, etc., is not the kind of feeling like a falling meteor shower when the ceremony fireworks discharge circuit plexity and difficult to repair. Before talking about the small electronic sound and light fireworks, first familiarize yourself with the timebase integrated circuit 555 oscillation circuit 555 IC is a timer application, so called the 555 timer or 555. But later developed it in addition to timing delay control, can also be used for dimming, thermostats, pressure regulator, governor variety of control and measurement testing. In 哈爾濱工業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 30 addition, it is also can be posed of the pulse oscillation, monostable, bistable, and the pulse modulation circuit for the AC signal source, power conversion, frequency conversion, pulse modulation. It is reliable, easy to use, inexpensive, is widely used in a variety of electronic products, dozens of ponents, IC 555 internal divider, parator, basic RS flipflop, the discharge tube, and buffer , etc., the circuit is more plex, is a mixture of analog circuits and digital circuits, as shown in Figure 1. 555 IC 8pin package, dual inline type, shown in Figure 2 (A) as shown by the arrangement of the input and output can be viewed as shown in Figure 2 (B) shown. 6 feet, said threshold end (TH), on the input of the parator。 2 feet, said trigger end (TR) is the input of the parator。 3 feet output end (Vo), O and two states , from the input terminal of the added level determination。 7 feet is the discharge end (DIS), it is the output of the internal discharge tube, the two states of the left floating, and the ground, is also determined by the state of the input。 4 feet is reset terminal (MR ), together with the low level of the o utput is low。 5 feet is to control voltage end (Vc), it can be used to change the upper and lower trigger level value。 8pin power supply terminal, pin 1 is the ground terminal. Can produce a regular pulse current or voltage of the circuit is called an oscillation circuit, time base integrated circuit 555 the oscillation circuit is able to meet this condition of the circuit。 in decimal IC counter IC3 bidirectional analog switch integrated circuit CD4066, and RC differentiating circuit, 哈爾濱工業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 31 transistor, the light emitting diode posed of analog fireworks color light emitting circuit. Between them through the interaction of the oscillation signal, a pulse signal, the output signal conduction to light emitting diode. Small, lightweight and environmentally friendly features, electronic sound and light fireworks are widely used in family celebrations, gatherings of friends, Gala, children39。s toys and some interesting places, today39。s electronic information industry, the rapid development of an indispensable electronic products. Sale on the market of electronic sound and light fireworks around all kinds of integrated circuits, integrated chip, highfrequency oscillation circuit between the control role of hightech electronic technology, microcontrollerbased design simulation fireworks discharge.