【正文】 e a good l ook at the m oon by m ysel f. But as the m oon gave far too m uch l ight, I didn’t dare open a window. Another tim e five m onths ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rai ny eveni ng, the wi nd, the thunderi ng cl ouds hel d m e enti rely i n thei r power。 i t was the fi rst ti m e in a year and a hal f that I’d seen the night face to face…. …Sadly…I am onl y abl e to l ook at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. it’s no pl easure l ooking through these any l onger because nature is one thing that real ly m ust be experienced. Your, Ane Fri day, 10 Jul y 1942 When we arri ved at Prinsengracht, we went qui ckl y upstai rs and the hi di ng pl ace. We cl osed the door behi nd us and we were al one. Margot had e faster on her bi cycl e and al ready wai ti ng for us. Al the room s were ful l of boxes. They l ay on the floor and the beds. The li ttl e room was fi l ed wi th bedcl othes. We had to start cl eari ng up at once, i f we wished to sl eep i n fortabl e beds that night. Mumm y and Margot were not abl e to hel p. They were ti red and l ay down on their beds. But Daddy and I, the two “hel per” of the famil y, started at once. The whol e day we unpacked the boxes, fil l ed the cupboards and tidied, until we were extrem el y tired. We did sl ep in cl ean beds that night. We hadn’t had any warm food to eat al day, but we didn’t care. Mumm y and Margot were to tired and worried to eat, and Daddy and I were too busy. FRIENDSH IP IN H AWAII Every cul ture has its own ways to show friendship. On the isl ands of H awaii, friendship is part of the “al oha spirit”. In the l anguage of the H awaiians who first settl ed the islands l ong ago, al oha had a very special m eaning. That is “to be with happiness”. Hawai ans beli eve that once som ebody l oves the l and, they are ready to l ove their peopl e or m uni ty. Thi s i s the second most im port sign of friendship. It is cal ed l okahi in H awaiian l anguage, which means “oneness with al peopl e”. To enjoy the l and you shoul d not be sel fi sh. The l and i s for everyone who li ves on i t. Today m any di ferent peopl e cal H awai i thei r hom e. Indeed, H awai i s a pl ace where peopl e m ake one bi g m uni ty from many sm al ler m uni ties. Each person gi ves kokua (hel p) to other peopl e so that al fel stronger. It’s believed that the isl ands can be a paradise when the peopl e l ive in peace. Peopl e are tol d that thei r actions shoul d be as gentl e as the wi nd that bl ows from the sea. When probl em s happen, people are asked to sol ve them wi th understandi ng. So when peopl e of H awai tal k about ohana (fam il y), they are real y tal ki ng about al those who l ive on the i sl ands. Li vi ng i n peace, H awai ans have devel oped a thi rd sign of fri endshi p. This personal fri endshi p i s shown by gi vi ng l ei s to one another. The lie, a string of fl owers, is put over a friend’s neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on cheek. Visitors to the islands are al so given lies. When they hear al oha, visitors begin to feel at hom e. Al oha al so m eans “goodbye”, so visitors wi l hear it again when they l eave. It can al so m ean “our hearts singing together”. Perhaps this is how m ost visitors wil l rem em ber their new fri endshi p. Uni t 2 TH E RO AD TO MO DERN EN GLISH At the end of the 16th century, about fi ve to seven mil li on peopl e spoke Engl ish. N earl y al l of them l i ved in Engl and. Later i n the next century, peopl e from Engl and m ade voyages to conquer other parts of the worl d and because of that, Engli sh begin to be spoken i n m any other countri es. Today, m ore people speak Engli sh as thei r first, second or a forei gn l anguage than ever before. Nati ve Engl ish speakers can understand each other even i f they don39。t speak the sam e ki nd of Engli sh. Look at thi s ki nd of exam pl e: Briti sh Betty: Woul d you l i ke to see m y fl at? Am eri can Am y: Yes. I’d l ike to e up to your apartm ent. So why has Engli sh changed over ti m e? Actual y al l anguages change and devel op when cul tures m eet and m unicate wi th each other. At fi rst the Engli sh spoken i n Engl and between about AD 450 and 1150 was very di fferent the Engli sh spoken today. It was based m ore on Germ an than the Engl ish we speak at present. Then gradual ly between about AD800 to 150, Engl i sh becam e l es l i ke germ en because those who rul ed Engl and spoke fi rst Dani sh and l ater French. These new settl ers enriched the Engl ish l anguage and especial l y its vocabul ary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was abl e to m ake use of a wi der vocabul ary than ever before. In 1620 som e Bri ti sh settl ers moved to Am eri can. Later i n the 18th century som e Briti sh peopl e were taken to Austral i a too. Engli sh began to be spoken i n both countri es. Fi nal ly by the 19th century the l anguage was setl ed. At that tim e two big changes i n Engli sh spel li ng happened: fi rst Sam uel Johnson wrote hi s di cti onary and l ater N oah Webster wrote The Am eri can Di cti onary of the Engl ish Language. The l atter gave a separate i denti ty to Am eri can Engl ish spel i ng. Engli sh now i s al so spoken as a forei gn or second l anguage i n South Asi a. For exam pl e, Indi a has a very l arge num ber of fl uent Engli sh speakers because Bri tai n rul ed Indi a from 1765 to 1947. duri ng that ti m e Engl i sh becam e the l anguage for governm ent and educati on. Engli sh i s also spoken i n Si ngapore and Mal aysi a and countri es i n Afri ca such as South Africa. Today the num ber of peopl e l earning Engl ish i n Chi na i s i ncreasi ng rapi dl y. In fact, Chi na m ay have the l argest num ber of Engli sh l earners. Wi l Chi nese Engl ish devel op its own s festi val i s a cheerf ul occasi on,