【導(dǎo)讀】stick.Thischaracterwasasocialfailurebutwaslovedforhisoptimismanddeterminationtooverealldificulties.Hewastheunderdogwhowaskindevenwhenotherswereunkindtohim.Howdidthelittletrampmakeasadsituationentertaining?Hereisanexamplefromoneofhismostfamousfilms,TheGoldRush.Itisthemid-nieenthcenturyandgoldhasjustbeendiscoveredinCalifornia.Likesomanyothers,thelitletrampandhisfriendhaverushedthereinsearchofgold,bu

　　

【正文】 k appeari ng surprised and put up her hands, as i f i n defence. I guesed that there was probably a major mi sunderstandi ng. Then Akira N agata from Japan cam e i n sm il i ng, together with Gee Cook from Canada. As they were i ntroduced, Gee reached hi s hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that m om ent, however, Aki ra bowed so hi s nose touched Gee’s moving hand. They both apol ogized another cul tural mi stake! Ahm ed Azi z, another i nternati onal student, was from Jordan. When we m et yesterday, he m oved very cl ose to m e as I i ntroduced m ysel f. I m oved back a bi t, but he cam e cl oser to ask a questi on and then shook m y hand. When Darl ene Coul on from France cam e dashi ng through the door, she recogni zed Tony Garci a39。s smi li ng face. They shook hand and then ki sed each other twi ce on each cheek, si nce that i s the France custom when adul ts meet peopl e they know. Ahm ed Azi z, on the contrary, si mpl y nodded at the gi rl s. Men from Mi ddl e Eastern and other Musli m countries wi l often stand qui te cl ose to other m en to tal k but wil l usual ly not touch wom en. As I get to know m ore international friends, I l earn m ore about this cul tural “body language”. Not al l cul tures greet each other the same way, nor are they fortabl e i n the sam e way wi th touchi ng or di stance between people. In the sam e way that peopl e m uni cate wi th spoken l anguage, they also express their feelings using unspoken “l(fā) anguage” through physical distance, actions or posture. English peopl e, for exam pl e, do not usual y stand very cl ose to others or touch strangers as soon as they m et. H owever, peopl e from pl aces l i ke Spai n, Ital y or South Am eri can countri es approach others cl osel y and are more l ikel y to touch them. Most peopl e around the worl d now greet each other by shaki ng hands, but som e cul tures use other greeti ngs as wel , such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow. These acti ons are not good or bad, but are sim pl y ways i n whi ch cultures have devel oped. I have seen, however, that cul tural custom s for body l anguage are very general not al l m em bers of a cul ture behave in the sam e way. In general , though, studyi ng i nternati onal custom s can certai nly hel p avoid difficul ties in today’s worl d cul tural crosroads! Showi ng our feel ings Body l anguage i s one of the m ost powerful s of m uni cati on, often even m ore powerful than spoken l anguage. Peopl e around the worl d show al knds of feel i ngs, wi shes and atti tudes that they m ight never speak aloud. It i s possi bl e to “read” others around us, even i f they do not i ntend for us to catch thei r unspoken m uni cati on. O f course, body l anguage can be mi sread, but m any gestures and acti ons are uni versal . The m ost uni versal faci al expressi on i s, of course, the sm il e – it’s function i s to show happi nes and to peopl e at ease. It does not al ways m eans that we are trul y hapy, however. Smi l es around the worl d can be fal se, hi di ng other feel ings l i ke anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smi l es, such as when som eone “l(fā) oses face” and smi l es to hide i t. H owever, the general purpose of smi li ng i s to show good feli ngs. From the tim e we are babi e, we show unhappi ness or anger by frowni ng. In m ost pl aces around the worl d, frowni ng and turni ng one’s back to som eone show anger. Maki ng a fist and shaki ng i t al om ost m eans that som eone i s angry and threateni ng another person. There are m any ways around the worl d to show agrem ent, but nodding the head up and down s for agreem ent al m ost worl dwide. Most peopl e al so understand that shaki ng the head from si de to si de m eans disagreement or refusal . How about showing that I am bored? Looki ng away from people or yawning wi l , in most cases, m ake me appear to be uni nterested. However, i f I turn toward and l ook at someone or something, people from alm ost every culture wi l thi nk that I am interested. If I rol l my eyes and turn m y head away, I m ost likel y do not bel ieve what I am heari ng or do not like it. Being respectful to people is subjective, besed on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good i dea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In alm ost every cul ture, it is not usual y good to stand too cl ose to som eone of a hi gher rank. Standing at a l ittle di stance wi th open hands wi l show that I am wil li ng to li sten. With so many cultural sti ck. Thi s character was a soci al fai l ure but was loved for hi s opti mi sm and determi nati on to over e al l di fi cul ti es. H e was the underdog who was ki nd even when others were unki nd to hi m. H ow di d the li ttl e tram p m ake a sad si tuation entertai ni ng? H ere i s an exam pl e from one of his m ost fam ous film s, The Gol d Rush. It is the m i dni eenth century and gol d has just been di scovered i n Cal i forni a. Li ke so many others, the l i tl e tram p and hi s fri end have rushed there in search of gol d, but without success. Instead they are hi ding i n a sm al l hut on the edge of a m ountai n duri ng a snowstorm wi th nothi ng to eat. They are so hungry that they try boi li ng a pai r of l eather shoes for thei r di nner. Charl i e first pi cks out the l aces and eats them as i f they were spaghetti . Then he cuts off the l eather top of the shoes as i f i t were the fi nest steak. Fi nal ly he tri es cutti ng and chewi ng the bottom of the shoe. H e eats each m outhful wi th great enjoym ent. The acti ng is so convi nci ng that it m akes you beli eve that it i s one of the best m eals he has ever tasted! Charl i e Chapl i n wrote, di rected and produced the fi lm s the starred i n. In 1972 he was gi ven a speci al O scar for hi s outstandi ng work i n film s. H e l ived i n Engl and and the USA but spend hi s l ast years i n Swi tzerl and, where he was buri ed i n 1977. H e is l o