【導讀】操作管理方面的不足。一旦石油產(chǎn)品污染了環(huán)境，它們就會對人類的健康和安全造成威。脅，這時候，我們必須要小心處理，而不至于導致更大的經(jīng)濟損失。最典型的例子就是：。這樣的油氣泄漏事故不僅在當時，而且還會長期地耗盡我們的利潤。外，還會影響公眾對合資公司商業(yè)運作的印象。美國所公布的消息顯示：。在過去的十年里，超過一萬家加油站的油氣泄漏事件對環(huán)境造成影響。每年花在處理這些油氣泄漏事故的費用超過一億美金。如果經(jīng)營者不注意的話，加油站仍然會繼續(xù)發(fā)生新的油氣泄漏事故。要進行環(huán)境清理的代價，對于石油產(chǎn)品的零售業(yè)務(wù)來說是極大不利的。要改進這些做法，首先就要對環(huán)境問題上的良。好的運作方式有一個清楚的了解。防止油氣滲漏是減少將來環(huán)境問題和清理費用的關(guān)鍵。我們定能作出改善，技術(shù)只是解決問題的一部分。

　　

【正文】 如果可以的話，進行采訪 ? Discussions with current and nearby property owners on the historical land use of the property 和現(xiàn)有加油站得業(yè)主或者附近的業(yè)主咨詢該物業(yè)以前的使用歷史記錄 Documentation and Record Keeping 文檔處理及記錄 ? Ensure anized, and easily accessible documentation is kept regarding the Environmental assessment activities conducted. 確保和環(huán)境評估有關(guān)的文檔有條理，易于查閱 o Take photographs. 拍照 An example of a Phase 1 environmental checklist is attached in Appendix 1. 關(guān)于第一階段的環(huán)境項目考察清單的內(nèi)容，可以參考附錄一的例子。 18 Should the results of the Phase 1 site assessment indicate that the site might have been impacted by previous operations, a Phase 2 subsurface investigation might be appropriate. The purpose of these investigations is to assist in determining the extent of any subsurface impacts. 加油站評估第一階段的結(jié)果顯示了加油站有可能在上一期運作中所受到的污染， 那么，我們還要進行第二階段的地表調(diào)查。這些調(diào)查的目的在于幫助我們確認地表所受污染的程度。 Qualified environmental professionals typically perform phase 2 subsurface investigations. 第二階段的地表調(diào)查工作通常是由具備資格的環(huán)保專家來進行的。 Results of the Phase 1 and Phase 2 assessments should be used to evaluate the condition of a site before purchase and to assist in understanding the potential environmental clean up costs, if any. 第一階段和第二階段的測試結(jié)果在我們收購加油站之前，可以幫助我們評估該加油站的情形，讓我們了解可能存在的環(huán)境治理費用。 This section of the Handbook provides remended good practices for service station operators, specifically in the areas of: 手冊的這部分內(nèi)容提供了加油站運作上在以下方面所要推薦的操作方式： ? Understanding the potential environmental risks associated with new service station construction 了解由于新建加油站所帶來的潛在環(huán)境風險 ? Understanding the potential environmental risks associated with rebuilt service station construction 了解由于重建加油站所帶來的潛在環(huán)境風險 P A R T 2 A c q u i s i t i o n 第 二 部 分 ： 加 油 站 的 收 購 19 The JV’s policy is to install 8mm minimum single wall steel USTs and pipelines at all sites. This decision is based the cost of single wall steel UST and the JV’s experience when calibrating and pressure testing over 1,000 underground USTs as the JV tookover sites from PetroChina and BP. The JV discovered only 21 leaking USTs, which the JV quickly repaired and minimized the probability of governmental authorities imposing fines or taking enforcement actions. Since many different station operators probably intended to sell the site after construction installed the Underground Storage Tanks, a higher leak incidence rate was anticipated. We can impact the environment during the construction phase. 合資公司在這個方面的制度是要在所有加油站安裝至少為 8 毫米的單壁鋼制的儲油罐和輸油管道。訂立這個制度是根據(jù)單壁鋼制儲油罐的成本以及合資公司在接收中油加油站和 BP 加油站時對超過一千個地下儲油罐進行容積測試和壓力測試的所得到的經(jīng)驗。合資公司發(fā)現(xiàn)了只有二十一個發(fā)生泄漏的儲油罐，然后碼上采取措施進行維修，在最大程度上減低了政府有關(guān)部門在這個方面的罰款和強制措施。 由于很多不同的加油站 的經(jīng)營者有意向出售他們已經(jīng)安裝好儲油罐，建造好了的加油站，我們所預(yù)見的油氣泄漏事故比率會升高。我們在加油站的建設(shè)階段有可能會影響環(huán)境。 The JV policy is to replace the UST under any of the following conditions: 合資公司在更換儲油罐方面的制度是，如果發(fā)生了以下情況，儲油罐就必須更換： ? USTs older than 5 years of age, unless the manufacturer is known and the USTs have a thickness gauge of 6 cm or more. (China National standard is 5 cm) 儲油罐的使用年限超過五年，除非制造商能證明此油罐的厚度是 6厘米或以上。（中國的標準是 5厘米） Understanding the potential environmental risks associated with new service station construction. 了解由于新建加油站所帶來的潛在環(huán)境風險 P A R T 3 C o n s t r u c t I o n 第 三 部 分 ： 加 油 站 的 建 設(shè) 20 ? All USTs being moved from one location to another must be Xrayed and static pressure tested after being pletely installed at the new location. If they fail the Xray test, the tank will be removed. 所有儲油罐，如果從一個地方搬到另外一個地方，在新地點安裝完畢后，必須要通過X光檢測和靜電壓力測試。如果不能通過 X光檢測，該儲油罐就要被更換。 ? USTs not passing a visual inspection. The JV standard to install USTs is as follows: 儲油罐如果不能通過 目視檢測，合資公司安裝的儲油罐就要執(zhí)行以下標準： ? USTs must be wrapped with three layers of paint and two layers of cloth with resin 儲油罐必須用三層油漆，兩層含有樹脂的布料進行包裹 ? When USTs are replaced, JV minimum tank thickness for USTs is 810 cm. 儲油罐更換后，合資公司對新油罐的厚度的最低要求是 810毫米 ? USTs must be installed to the Engineering Department’s Design standard 儲油罐必須根據(jù)工程部門設(shè)計的標準進行安裝 o (UST secured to concrete foundation surrounded with clean sand.) （儲油罐必須牢固的固定在水泥地面上，周圍有干凈的沙提供保護） ? New fuel systems will have cathodic protection installed. 新的油氣系統(tǒng)必須安裝有負極防護層。 21 Many leaks and releases from underground storage tanks and piping are the result of equipment that has not been installed correctly. One measure that the BPPC JV can take to prevent these releases is to monitor site construction and system installation activities. In addition, there are several good practices that we can implement that will aid us in assessing and remediating any future environmental issues. The following are some remended good practices: 大部分的地下儲油罐和輸油管道的泄漏事故都是源于安裝有誤。中油 BP 合資公司在這個方面可以采取的一個預(yù)防措施就是監(jiān)視加油站現(xiàn)場的建設(shè)和油氣系統(tǒng)的安裝工程。此外，還有一些好的方法方式可以幫助我們評估或者解決日后出現(xiàn)的環(huán)境問題。我們推薦以下的操作方式 : Integrating Environmental good practices into service station construction activities. 把營造良好的環(huán)境和加油站建設(shè)結(jié)合起來 ? Review the project with the construction firm. Reinforce the need for protecting the environment through good construction practices. 和負責建設(shè)的公司檢查一下工程計劃。在建設(shè)過程中，采取有效的措施，保護好環(huán)境。 ? Review the JV’s health and safety policy with all workers on site. Always have a site safety plan and review the plan before each work day begins Understanding the potential environmental risks associated with new service station construction. 了解由于 新 建加油站所帶來的潛在環(huán)境風險 P A R T 3 C o n s t r u c t I o n 第 三