【導讀】biggersize.man.(C)Shedoesn’tknowwhereitis.3.(A)Shedidn’tbuytheticket.cost.reasons.band.theband.jointheband.(C)Hedoesn’twanttowearasuit.(C)Hedoesn’twanttowearasuit.(D)Thesecretarywasn’thardworker.moviethanaedy.paper.man.researchpaper.part-timejob.11.(A)Shedoesn’tthinkitwillsnow.changed.session.(B)Buynewwhitesocks.(C)WashhisredT-shirtagain.transferred.transfer.(C)Hisbrotherdoesn’twanttotransfer.brother.upfor.seminar.personalfinances.overtheweekend.October.weekend.17.(A)Hethinkshe’sveryanized.group.group.hisputer.(C)Hedoesn’tlikecoldweather.weatherarrived.

　　

【正文】 of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations (20) maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In face, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water highway. When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single (25) city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (18611865). 9. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe. (B) The evolution of cities in North America (C) Trade between North American and European cities (D)The effects of the United Sates’ independence on urban growth in New England. 10. The word ―they‖ in line 4 refers to (A) North American colonies (B) cities (C) centuries (D) town economies 11. The passage pares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following? (A) Their economic success (B) The type of merchandise they exported (C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements (D)The pace of their development Word ―accordingly‖ in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) as usual (B) in contrast (C) to some degree (D)for that reason 13. According to the passage, early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to (A) an abundance of natural resources (B) financial support from colonial governments (C) proximity to parts of Europe (D) a favorable climate 14. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe? (A) Manufacturing equipment (B) Capital goods (C) Consumer goods (D) Raw materials 15. According to the passage, all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the (A) location of the plantations (B) access of plantation owners to shipping (C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents (D) economic selfsufficiency of the plantation 16. It can be inferred from the passage that, in parison with northern, cities, most southern cities were (A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D)planned 17. The word ―recorded‖ in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D) planned word ―drawing‖ in line 27 is closest in meaning to (A) attracting 9 (B) employing (C) instructing (D) representing 19. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line2829) because it was a time of (A) significant obstacles to industrial growth (B) decreased dependence on foreign trade (C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms (D) increased migration from northern states to southern states Questions 2028 During the second half of the nieenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial factor Line behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of (5) laborsaving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horsedrawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major graingrowing regions of the country. Horsepowered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture. With much of the labor force (10) inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new laborsaving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country。 five years later there were 350,000. After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a selfbinding (15) reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steampowered threshing machines were costly itemsrunning from $ 1,000 to $4,000 they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from (20) farm to farm during the harvest season. ―Combines‖ were also ing into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines —sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses – reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation. The adoption of laborsaving machinery had a profound effect upon the sale of (25) agricultural operations in the northern statesallowing farmers to increase vastly their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand methods 50 years before. 10 20. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nieenth century does the Passage mainly discuss? (A) How labo