【導讀】翻譯基本正確，中文敘述通順?？?，很有可能成為從根本上對人體器官系統(tǒng)全新認識的重要途徑。的東西才是最安全的，最簡潔有效的。從另一個角度來說，心理學上解釋為人類本。能的一種表現(xiàn)，對新事物的接受總需要一些時間。額葉是大腦中一種調節(jié)抑制激素。危險性進行評價；最后由大腦中起“決定”作用的區(qū)域對整件事情下定論。醫(yī)療器械的發(fā)展也有著相似的過程，但在技術上還有待完善。構將對人類文明的發(fā)展起了重大影響。作是達不到要求的。經(jīng)過5億年的物種演化和500萬年社會變革，人類文明的產(chǎn)物。同時處理大量數(shù)據(jù)信息的能力，手部容易顫抖，情緒易受影響等。與以往不同，現(xiàn)在我們必須把考慮的中心從重器械的模式轉移到重。出機器人技術輔助作業(yè)可以運用的領域是危險任務的執(zhí)行和外科手術領域。醫(yī)療器械的多自由度設計使得手術工具在有限的作業(yè)空間可以。術整形，以及軟組織的切除和有害組織的破壞。有NEUROMATE，MINERVA和IMARL系統(tǒng)。像一些典型的手術操作，如顯微外科手術以

　　

【正文】 LARS is a robotic system designed to assist surgeons in laparoscopic procedures with tasks such as camera holding and enhanced precision control of Other systems are also available in which surgical vision is robotically Laparoscopic procedures in which robot assistance has been reported include cholecystectomies, hernia repairs, gastric procedures, and A miniature robot capable of propelling itself in a semiautonomous fashion along the lumen of the colon is described for use in colonoscopies. The robot is able to both visualize the colon and perform tissue In prostate cancer, the use of robotics in laparoscopic radical prostatectomies has been reported .42 Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is among the latest technical innovations in prostate cancer surgery. A voicecontrolled surgical robot from Computer Motion, the AESOP,is capable of holding the laparoscope with 7 df. Exchanging a human assistant with a robot permits a less crowded operative environment and provides a clear view of the operative field. To date, more than 500 laparoscopic radical prostatectomies have been successfully pleted using AESOP. Orthopedics Several robots have been designed for use in orthopedic surgery. These include the ROBOTRACK,52 CRIGOS,12 and ROBODOC enables the surgeon to plan the procedure preoperatively using puterbased imaging. Intraoperatively, the robotic arm, wielding a highspeed drill, creates a canal within the femur in which the implant is placed. Existing robotassisted orthopedic applications include knee arthroplasty,25,53,60 total hip arthroplasty,6 revision of total hip arthroplasties,6,76 repair of hip fractures,13 and pedicle screw insertion during spine procedures) The use of robots in orthopedics is very well established. ROBODOC has been used in over 900 cases,6 and ROBOTRACK has been used in over 200 Microsurgery Robots hold enormous potential for improving the field of microsurgery. The robot39。s ability to scale down force and motion to a level beyond that capable by humans may serve to open avenues for new surgical techniques and will refine existing ones. RAMS (RobotAssisted MicroSurgery) is a robot system capable of scaling down surgeon hand motion and filtering out The end result is precision instrument control in a manner far beyond that possible by. human dexterity alone. A second system described for use in microsurgical procedures utilizes kinesthetic feedback. The operating robot is a hexapod unit with repositioning accuracy of greater than 2 181。m. The system scales movements and senses forces applied to the instruments. The surgeon controls the robot from an integrated Other models are also available that reportedly offer steadyhand control during various microsurgical procedures. Radiosurgery The CYBERKNIFE robotic system2 allows a linear accelerator to be arbitrarily positioned in a 6 df orientation. Imageguided robotic radiosurgery utilizing a Fanuc manipulator has also been Robotic motion pensation for respiratory movement of extracranial tumor targets is reported in the Cyberknife2 to offer significant improvements in the associated safety Conclusion Globalization, as mondialization, has advantages and drawbacks. This applies to various fields, including health care and, more precisely, surgery. The financial constraints are putting pressure on the management of health problems to the point that the main goal of medicine might be forgotten or even more deviated to meet the budget demands, although the contrary should be the case. We must not forget the essence of things。 that is, the patient must be treated in the best manner, not only in the best possible manner. Surgeons are waiting for available centralized information for various effectors, which are the extensions of their fingers, of their skills, and of their knowledge. There must be an increased effort toward patibility of softwares, image standards, planning softwares, and effectors. The ideal should be to have all image modalities converging in a unique planning system, from which various procedures could be dispatched toward various effectors (microscope, stereotactic robot, tool holder, radiosurgical generator, etc), which would act on the body of the patient, unique object independent of the disease which is inside it. If this is achieved, robots at large will not replace or enslave surgeons。 they will help them to achieve their transmutation toward a higher being capable of harmoniously melting the human body holistic approach and the robotic synthesizing and bine enormous capacities, all for the good of the patien.