【導讀】徑,進一步提高療效。Banting和Best發(fā)現(xiàn)并首次在臨床應用INS以來,一直采用皮下注射。非注射途徑INS制劑包括肺吸入劑、口服制劑、黏膜給藥制劑以及經(jīng)皮給。由于諸多新技術的應用,給INS非注射途徑的應用帶來很好的發(fā)?，F(xiàn)就目前INS給藥途徑研究進展進行綜述。分別為上臂、大腿、臀部。INS吸收還與劑量濃度和運動有關,劑量越大、濃度。腹部面積大,有皮下注射的優(yōu)點,外傷、感染、外科治療圍術期者,選用小劑量速效INS靜脈輸注。很大、血糖仍不能控制者、輕度酮癥酸中毒而又無條件靜脈輸注INS的病人。芽生長,經(jīng)12周換藥后,創(chuàng)面結痂愈合。多數(shù)臨床試驗表明,在1型和2型糖尿病病人中,吸入INS. 一般眼內(nèi)容量少,INS作用時間短,生物利用度低,因此人們致力于研究。能延長INS作用時間的滴眼劑,并選擇刺激性小的滴眼劑。INS被酶破壞失活,提高了藥物的生物利用度。頰黏膜給藥制劑Oral-lyn由重組人INS和吸收促進劑組成,配合Rapid. 直腸給藥INS直腸栓劑是代替注射給藥的重要途徑之一。

　　

【正文】 hrough the skin. Ryszka [17] made the ointment INS, INS released from the ointment out of the matrix, through the skin into the circle, and a certain amount of in vivo release correlation. Ultrasonic peration technique can significantly improve the drug percutaneous absorption and improve the local concentration of drug, transdermal drug delivery is a promising alternative. However, there are many ultrasonic peration technology limitations, you need the skin to ultrasound system tolerance and percutaneous peration, and ultrasound technology and chemical peration enhancers, iontophoresis, electroporation technology synergies [18]. 3 Summary With the new technology INS drug delivery systems, the continuous development of new methods, health care workers will have more options, all hospitals should strengthen continuing education for the patient39。s condition and needs, choose the most suitable mode of administration, to meet the needs of individual treatment [19]. References: [1] Shaikh IM, Jadhav KR, Ganga S, et approaches in insulin delivery [J].Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2020,6 (5) :387395. [2]Chen Yan. Diabetes insulin Treatment of [M]. Beijing: Golden Shield Press ,2020:156159. [3] Zhong Yiping. insulin topical treatment of pressure ulcers [J]. Nurses Training Magazine, 2020,17 (1): 486. [4]Cefalu WT. Evolving strategies for insulin delivery and therapy [J]. Drugs, 2020,64 (11) :11491161. [5] Li Changchen Type 2 diabetes, evaluated the pros and cons of insulin therapy [J]. Practical Diabetology, 2020,10 (2): 10. [6]Brain the opportunity of tight glycaemic control inhaled insulin:Safety[J].Diabetes Obes Metab,2020,7(Suppl 1): 1418. [7]Gonzalez C,Kanevsky D,DeMarco R, routes forinsulin administration:Current state and perspectives[J].ExpertOpin Drug Deliv,2020,3(6):763770. [8]Cefalu strategies and feasibility of noninvasive insulin delivery[J].Diabetes Care,2020,27(1):239246. [9]Ramdas M,Dileep KJ, Anitha Y,et encapsulated bioadhesive chitosan microspheres for intestinal drug delivery[J].JBiomater Appl,1999,13(4):290296. [10] Wu Hung, Ping their best, Songbin Mei, et al. Chitosan and chitosan EDTA conjugates doublecoated oral insulin nanoliposomes [J]. Pharmaceutical University, 2020,39 (11): 933 938. [11] An Honglian, Xu Chunhua. insulin injections in different ways and nursing [J]. Practical Nursing, 2020,18 (9): 48. [12] to the Ding. diabetes, how to do 300 [M] . Beijing: Beijing Medical University and Peking Union Medical College Press, 1997:156. [13] Yungchi L, Pahala S, Samnel H, of brij78 on systemic delivery of insulin from an oculardevice [J]. J Pharm Sci, 1997, 86 (4): 430. [14] Owens DR, Zinman B, Bolli G. Alternative routes of insulin delivery [J]. Diabet Med, 2020,20 (11) :886898. [15] Cernea S, Raz I. Noninjectable methods of insulin administration [J]. Drugs Today (Barc), 2020,42 (6) :405424. [16] Wang Jing, Yin Shiyu, Gong Xiaoling. Noninsulin injection Research progress [J]. Nursing Research, 2020,21 (4B): 953. [17] Ryszka F, Calich B, Dolinska B, adminstration of progress [J]. Biol Chim Feim, 1993,132 (6): 197. [18] Barry BW. Novelmechanisms and devices to enable successful transdermal drug delivery [J]. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2020,1 (2): 101. [19] Zhao Jing, Jiang Liling. clinical nurse knowledge of master insulin Survey [J]. family nurse, 2020,4 (3B): 12.