【導讀】閱意見，給出綜合得分。的工作要求之間的不完善匹配。在經(jīng)濟學文獻中關(guān)于過度教育，過度使用和使。這種匹配被認為是影響。育水平，基本假設(shè)是，這會帶來限制使用技能不匹配的影響。心問題是什么感知的不匹配意味著必需的和可用的技能之間的比賽。將特別關(guān)注這些國家之間的差異。國，荷蘭，英國和日本五個國家被選中。德國和荷蘭的匹配被普遍認為是比較接近的國家的例子。人們普遍認為是相當松散，間接和雇主往往共通能力提供更大的價值。他們的研究結(jié)果提供了強有力的支持假。域密切相關(guān)的工作中取得了很大成績。此外，只有一小部分的教育不匹配的工。這些措施不像教育不匹配對工作的滿意度產(chǎn)生了強烈的。系，然后檢查勞動力市場的每小時工資，工作滿意度和離職意愿的錯配的影響。將采用幾種方法來衡量的程度相匹配。

　　

【正文】 resented in all five countries. Effects of Mismatches on Wage, Job Satisfaction and Onthejob Search Some regression models will be used to measure the effects of educational and skill mismatches on the dependent variables. In the explanatory analysis, we will assess the effects on the following dependent variables: natural logarithm of hourly wage, job satisfaction, and onthejob search. In each of these analyses, the dependent variable of the previous analysis will be included in order to account for their effect. Relevant control variables will be taken into account. Conclusion Our analyses indicate that educational and skill mismatches are indeed related, as one would expect. Graduates working below their level and/or outside their own field use fewer petences than those in ‘matching’ jobs. Graduates working above their level or outside their field experience more skill shortages than those in ‘matching’ jobs. However, educational mismatches by no means imply mismatches between available and required knowledge and skills, as claimed by the job assignment model. Many graduates in ‘matching’ jobs noheless report skill mismatches. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of ‘overeducated’ graduates report high levels of skill use and few skill shortages. The multivariate analyses revealed strong wage effects of overeducation. The wage effects of skill mismatches were much weaker. Interestingly, in Germany and the UK, there were positive wage effects of skill shortages. This seems to indicate that skill shortages do not indicate so much a belowpar worker as a highpowered job. Job satisfaction was influenced by both educational and skill mismatches. The propensity to change jobs appears only weakly related to mismatches of either kind. The results of the analyses of job satisfaction and propensity to change jobs deviate somewhat from those of Allen and Van der Velden, who found strong effects of skill mismatches on these variables. The results were broadly similar across the five countries, but there were some interesting differences. It was notable that the educationjob match was best in those countries where higher education was strongly geared to the labour market (Germany and the Netherlands), but that the relation between educational and skill mismatches was weakest in those countries. Furthermore, the wage effects of overeducation were also relatively weak in Germany and the Netherlands. Another notable difference was that undereducated workers in Germany and Japan showed surprisingly high levels of skill shortages in contrast to the other three countries. Finally, the propensity to change jobs was strongly dependent on both educational and skills mismatches in Germany and the UK, on educational mismatches in Spain and the Netherlands, and on neither in Japan. REFERENCES ALBARAMIREZ, A. (1993) Mismatch in the Spanish labor market: overeducation? Journal of Human Resources, 27, pp. 259–278. ALBARAMIREZ, A. amp。 BL193。ZQUEZ, M. (2021) Types of job match, overeducation and labour mobility in Spain pp. 65–93. ALLEN, J. amp。 VAN DER VELDEN, R. (2021) Educational mismatches versus skill mismatches: effects on wages, job satisfaction, and onthejob search, Oxford Economic Papers 3, pp. 434–452. BECKER, . (1964) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with special Reference to Education (New York, NBER).