【導(dǎo)讀】得出想要的結(jié)果，除非采取的是研究在報表中項(xiàng)目與項(xiàng)目之間關(guān)系的形式。但是，假如我們知道，這種余額在這種平衡中有4%的流動負(fù)債，而一年前的現(xiàn)。金余額有25%的流動負(fù)債。由于銀行家對公司通常要求現(xiàn)金余額保持在銀行信用度的。a）在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表中的一個日期之間的比較，例如項(xiàng)目，現(xiàn)金與流動負(fù)債相比；品的現(xiàn)金使所得出的商來表示總現(xiàn)金的項(xiàng)目測試。比例，增加不同期間，將有利于降低財務(wù)狀況中的不利的金融條件。財務(wù)比率是永久性的這種分類并非詳盡無遺，其他比率可用于購買指示。分否定在最高點(diǎn)時的判決。而不是未被注冊會計師審核即批準(zhǔn)的報表。的審計公司是否超出職責(zé)范圍。營運(yùn)資金或續(xù)借沒有困難的短期貸款的措施。流動資產(chǎn)的流動性隨現(xiàn)金狀況的變化而變化。一般來說，現(xiàn)金應(yīng)等于至少20％的總流動負(fù)債（流?，F(xiàn)金余額是否令人滿意，取決于銷售條款、購買、存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率。

　　

【正文】 selling goods for cash will find cash inflow more nearly meeting cash outflow than will a firm selling goods on credit. A business which pays cash for all purchases will need more ready money than one which buys on long terms of credit. The more rapidly the inventory is sold the more nearly will cash inflow equal cash outflow, other things equal. Needs for cash balances will be affected by the stage of the business cycle. Heavy cash balances help to sustain bank credit and pay expenses when a period of liquidation and depression depletes working capital and brings a slump in sales. The greater the effects of changes in the cycle upon a given concern the more thought the financial executive will need to give to the size of his cash balances. Differences in financial policies between different concerns will affect the size of cash balances carried. One concern may deem it good policy to carry as many openbank lines as it can get, while another may carry only enough lines to meet reasonably certain needs for loans. The cash balance of the first firm is likely to be much larger than that of the second firm. The liquidity of current assets varies with ability to meet acid test. Liquidity of current assets varies with the ratio of cash, salable securities, notes and accounts receivable (less adequate reserves for bad debts), to total current liabilities (divide the total of the first four items by total current liabilities). This is the socalled acid test of the liquidity of current condition. A ratio of I: I is considered satisfactory since current liabilities can readily be paid and creditors risk nothing on the uncertain values of merchandise inventory. A less than 1:1 ratio may be adequate if receivables are quickly collected and if inventory is readily and quickly sold, that is, if its turnover is rapid andif the risks of changes in price are small. The liquidity of current assets varies with liquidity of receivables. This may be ascertained by dividing annual sales by average receivables or by receivables at the close of the year unless at that date receivables do not represent the normal amount of credit extended to customers. Terms of sale must be considered in judging the turnover of receivables. For example, if sales for the year are $1,200,000 and average receivables amount to $100,000, the turnover of receivables is $1,200,000/$100,000=12. Now, if credit terms to customers are in thirty days we can see that receivables are paid promptly. Consideration should also be given market conditions and the stage of the business cycle. Terms of credit are usually longer in farming sections than in industrial centers. Collections are good in prosperous times but slow in periods of crisis and liquidation. Trends in the liquidity of receivables will also be reflected in the ratio of accounts receivable to notes receivable, in cases where goods are typically sold on open account. A decline in this ratio may indicate a lowering of credit standards since notes receivable are usually given to close overdue open accounts. If possible, a schedule of receivables should be obtained showing those not due, due, and past due thirty, sixty, and niy days. Such a, schedule is of value in showing the efficiency of credits and collections and in explaining the trend in turnover of receivables. The more rapid the turnover of receivables the smaller the risk of loss from bad debts。 the greater the savings of interest on the capital invested in receivables, and the higher the profit on total capital, other things being equal. Author(s): C. O. Hardy and S. P. Meech