【導(dǎo)讀】許多方法可用于啟動大型交流感應(yīng)電動機。選擇如全電壓，通過自耦變壓器或Y形三角。電壓降低，軟起動器，或可調(diào)速驅(qū)動器的使用都可以有潛在的優(yōu)勢和權(quán)衡。低起動轉(zhuǎn)矩，防止損壞負(fù)載。錯誤的電容器的使用可能會導(dǎo)致重大損失。機的設(shè)計提供了所需的性能的同時，最大限度地降低其成本的初始荷載的動力系統(tǒng)分析。文將最常用的起動方法和推薦的應(yīng)用研究。降壓起動自耦變壓器，Y形三角洲，功率因數(shù)校正。低電壓型可包括固態(tài)啟動器，變頻驅(qū)動器，和自耦變壓器。給買方的汽車種類繁多的時候指定在給定的應(yīng)用程序中使用的電機。正確的選擇會涉及的任何權(quán)力制約制度進行徹底的調(diào)查，以加速負(fù)。載設(shè)備的整體成本。為了使負(fù)載能加速，電機必須產(chǎn)生更大的扭矩比負(fù)荷要求。一般有三點對電機轉(zhuǎn)速的扭。二是拉轉(zhuǎn)矩（放），定義為最小轉(zhuǎn)矩由電動機在加速期從其余的速度，轉(zhuǎn)矩發(fā)生。是擊穿扭矩被定義為最大轉(zhuǎn)矩，電機的發(fā)展。然后電機不能啟動。

　　

【正文】 om mon mode voltage. Without these features, shaft currents, which circulate through the shaft to the bearing, through the motor frame and back, create arcing in the bearings that lead to premature bearing failure, this potential for arcing needs to be considered when applying a motor/drive package in a hazardous environment, Division2/Zone2. 漁農(nóng)處的最大的缺點是成本相對于其他方法。驅(qū)動器是最昂貴的使用，可能還需要具體的電機的設(shè)計被使用?；隍?qū)動器的輸出信號，過濾或未經(jīng)過濾的，可能需要額外的電機結(jié)構(gòu)特點。這些結(jié)構(gòu)特征包括絕緣軸承，軸接地電刷和絕緣接頭，由于潛在的軸從共模電壓電流。如果沒有這些功能，軸電流，循環(huán)通過軸的軸承，通過電機支架與背，創(chuàng)造，導(dǎo)致軸承過早失效的軸承弧，潛在的電弧時需要考慮應(yīng)用電機 /驅(qū)動封裝在一個危險的環(huán)境中，第二冊 /區(qū) 。 An additional construction feature of a motor used on an AFD may require is an upgraded insulation system on the motor windings. An unfiltered output signal from a drive can create harmonic voltage spikes in the motor, stressing the insulation of the motor is important to note that the features described pertain to motors which will be startedand run on an AFD. If the drive is only used for starting the motor, these features may not be necessary. 一種用在 AFD 電機的額外建筑功能可能需要的是升級的絕緣系統(tǒng)的電機繞組。從驅(qū)動一個未經(jīng)過濾的輸出 信號可以在電機產(chǎn)生諧波電壓尖峰，強調(diào)電機繞組絕緣。需要注意的是，所描述的功能涉及到的發(fā)動機將在該處跑起步很重要。如果驅(qū)動器是用于啟動電機，這些特征可能是不必要的。 Consult with the motor manufacturer for application specific requirements. 隨著應(yīng)用程序的具體要求，電機制造商咨詢。 D. Primary Resistor or Reactor Starting 初級電阻或電抗起動 This method uses either a series resistor or reactor bank to be placed in the circuit with the motor. Resistor starting is more frequently used for smaller motors. 該方法利用一系列電阻器或電抗器的銀行被放置在電路與電機。電阻起動更頻繁地使用較小的電機。 When the motor is started, the resistor bank limits the flow of inrush current and provides for a voltage drop at the motor terminals. The resistors can be selected to provide voltage reductions up to 50%. As the motor es up to speed, it develops a counter EMF (electromagic field) that opposes the voltage applied to the motor. This further limits the inrush currents. As the inrush current diminishes, so does te voltage drop across the resistor bank allowing the torque generated by the motor to increase. At a predetermined time a device will short across the resistors and open the starting contactor effectively removing the resistor bank from the circuit. This provides for a closed transition and eliminates the concerns due to switching transients. 當(dāng)電動機啟動時，電阻銀行限制浪涌電流的流動，并提供電機端子的電壓降。電阻可以選擇提供電壓降低到 50%。當(dāng)電機達(dá)到的速度，它開發(fā)了一個反電動勢（電磁場）反 對電機電壓。這進一步限制了浪涌電流。由于浪涌電流減少，那么 T＞ E 壓降電阻銀行允許轉(zhuǎn)矩由電動機產(chǎn)生的增加。在預(yù)定的時間的裝置將在短路電阻和打開起動接觸器的電路能夠有效消除電阻銀行。這提供了一個封閉的過渡，消除了由于切換瞬變的關(guān)系。 Reactors will tend to oppose any sudden changes in current and therefore act to limit the current during starting. They will remain shorted after starting and provide a closed transition to line voltage. 反應(yīng)堆將傾向于反對當(dāng)前的任何突然變化，因此起到限流起動過程。他們將開始提供短路電壓關(guān)閉后過渡期。 IV. INCREMENT TYPE 四、增量型 The first starting types that we have discussed have deal with the way the energy is applied to the motor. The next type deals with different ways the motor can be physically changed to deal with starting issues. 首先，我們討論的類型與能量施加到電機的方式處理。第二類有不同方式的運動身體可以改變處理啟動問題。 Part Winding 部分繞組 With this method the stator of the motor is designed in such a way that it is made up of two separate windings. The most mon method is known as the half winding method. As the name suggests, the stator is made up of two identical balanced windings. A special starter is configured so that full voltage can be applied to one half of the winding, and then after a short delay, to the second half. This method can reduce the starting current by 50 to 60%, but also the starting torque. One drawback to this method is that the motor heating on the first step of the operation is greater than that normally encountered on acrosstheline start. Therefore the elapsed time on the first step of the part winding start shoul 用這種方法對電機的定子是這樣一種方式，它是由兩個獨立的繞組設(shè)計。最常見的方法被稱為半繞組的方法。顧名思義，定子是由兩個相同的平衡繞組。一個特殊的起動器被配置為全電壓可用于纏繞的一半，然后在短暫的延遲后，到下半年。該方法可以由 50～ 60%降低啟動電流，而且起動轉(zhuǎn)矩。這種方法的一個缺點 是，在操作的第一步電機發(fā)熱是大于通常遇到的跨行開始。因此，經(jīng)過時間的部分繞組起動引起的第一步。