【導(dǎo)讀】中國雖然很早就開始制造模具和使用模具，但長期未形成產(chǎn)業(yè)。到20世紀(jì)80年代后期，中國模具工業(yè)才駛?cè)氚l(fā)展的快車道。要缺口集中于精密、大型、復(fù)雜、長壽命模具領(lǐng)域。有較大差距，因此，每年需要大量進(jìn)口模具。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面，主要是企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)向。信息化方向發(fā)展。產(chǎn)品；塑料模和壓鑄模比例增大；專業(yè)模具廠數(shù)量及其生產(chǎn)能力增加；“三資”及私營企業(yè)發(fā)展迅速；股份制改造步伐加快等。從地區(qū)分布來看，目前發(fā)展最快、模具生產(chǎn)最為集中的省份是。雖然我國模具總量目前已達(dá)到相當(dāng)規(guī)模，模具水平也有很大提高，但設(shè)計(jì)制造水平總體上落后于德、美、日、法、意等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家許多。供過于求，中高檔模具自配率只有50%左右。例高達(dá)60%左右，而國外模具超過70%屬商品模具。額達(dá)億美元，為世界模具凈進(jìn)口量最大的國家。產(chǎn)品增值稅的企業(yè)全國只有185家，大多數(shù)企業(yè)仍舊稅負(fù)過重。它摒棄了傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械加工方法，對制造業(yè)的變革是一個重大的突

　　

【正文】 gle unit or the production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost 13 influence are very important. The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the socalled solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA) manufactures using the foam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern, after the modelling does not have to take out the model, then may the casting, under the foam plastics model high temperature liquid metal function, deflagrate the gasification but to vanish, the molten metal substitution original foam plastics model holds the position, after the condensation forms the casting. 8 other aspects technologies in order to simplify the mold the structural design, reduces the mold cost, reduces the mold manufacture cycle, in domestic and foreign also successively appeared some other aspects new technology application, like trades the mold frame, the ramming unit, the cutting edge builtup welding quickly, inlays the block casting, the nitrogen spring and so on. nitrogen springs on mold application The nitrogen spring is one kind of new elastic function part, replaces the spring, the rubber, the polyurethane or the air cushion with it side, it can accurately provide presses the strength, then may have the greatly initial ball pressure in the small space, does not need pre tightly, is basically hit the pressure basically in the mold entire work process to be constant. The ball pressure size and the working point position may, accurate, conveniently adjust as necessary, simplifies the mold to stretch, nearby the pressure, exdenning isostructuralism, simplifies the mold design, reduces the pattern making cycle, debugs the mold to be convenient, reduces the replacement mold time, enhances the production efficiency. fast trades the mold technology Because product variety increasing, causes the mold in the production the transmutation extremely frequently, how thereupon reduces the ramming equipment the down time, enhances the production efficiency, fast traded the mold technology to receive people39。s attention. At present developed industrial nation some big panies traded the mold speed to achieve astonishing degree, whether had fast trades the mold technology to bee for an enterprise technology advancement sign. The always tendency is reduces the mold to install on the equipment, to be fixed, the adjustment time, this both must give in the equipment structural design to consider, and must in the mold structural design, the standardized aspect consider, machine on work as far as possible placing machine under will do. ramming units bination technology The ramming unit bination technology is dies a resolve into each one simple unit the 14 convention to die, according to the working procedure request, the arrangement bination, pletes the many kinds of ramming working procedure when the identical inferior stroke the new craft equipment, the work the ramming unit not with the punch press slide joint, only needs the slide attack then to plete the ramming work. When independent employment it is 1 plete mold. It may use for to process the sheet or the molding punch holes, falls the material, cuts the angle, the grooving, shuts off and the shallow stretch and so on. Has the assembly strongly, the easy to operate, the versatility, the efficiency is quickly good and so on the characteristic, suits the multi varieties specially, center the production. may process the plastic in mold manufacture application May process the plastic to be mon in the developed industrial nation application, specially in manufacturing industry and so on automobile, airplane, mainly replaces the lumber or the metal manufacture automobile body host model, the profile, examines has and the casting model and so on. May process the plastic the main characteristic is has both the lumber and the metal fine workability, the manufacture craft simple and direct (may use pression molding, pour, spells sticks, method well and so on sculpture), the size stability, does not distort, bears moistly, anticorrosive, is easy to repair, the easy modification, the weight light, the manufacture cycle short, the cost to be low. Fast economical pattern making technology type very many, its has the characteristic, the application scope are various, this article only can broadly make some simple introductions, each kind of technology still had many concrete technological processes, the craft parameter and its the technical characteristic in the concrete application and the implementation process. The mold is one of foundation industries, in the globalization market economy and under each kind of high technology and new technology swift and violent development situation, the fast economical mold has entrusted with the new mission and the brandnew connotation, the classification increases unceasingly, the fast economical pattern making material turns towards the multi varieties seriation to make great strides forward, the craft has the new innovation and the breakthrough unceasingly, is published one after another with it supplementary equipment, the service domain in opens up unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency is more and more remarkable. Along with the modity economy development, the intense market petition, the product renewal acceleration, is reducing the cycle to the fast economical pattern making technology, reduces the cost, will increase the precision and lengthens the life aspect the request to be able to be more and more high inevitably. Because it can cause the enterprise to win 15 the market, creates the remarkable economic efficiency, more and more