【導(dǎo)讀】模具是大批量生產(chǎn)同形產(chǎn)品的工具，是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要工藝裝備。率和低消耗，是其他加工制造方法所不能比擬的。已成為當(dāng)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要手段?，F(xiàn)代工業(yè)品的發(fā)展和技術(shù)水平的提高，很。1989年3月國(guó)務(wù)院頒布的《關(guān)于當(dāng)前產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要點(diǎn)的決定》中，把。型發(fā)電設(shè)備及相應(yīng)的輸變電設(shè)備)，確立模具工業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要地位。產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)目錄》和《鼓勵(lì)外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄》。經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，從1997年到2021. 所有這些，都充分體現(xiàn)了國(guó)務(wù)院和國(guó)家有關(guān)部門(mén)對(duì)發(fā)展模具工業(yè)的重視和。目前全世界模具年產(chǎn)值約為600億美元，日、美等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的模具工業(yè)。汽車、農(nóng)機(jī)和無(wú)線電行業(yè)，這個(gè)比例也超過(guò)60％。例如飛機(jī)制造業(yè)，某型戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)模。具使用量超過(guò)三萬(wàn)套，其中主機(jī)八千套、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)二千套、輔機(jī)二萬(wàn)套。據(jù)國(guó)際生產(chǎn)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)，到2021年，產(chǎn)品盡件粗加工的75%、精。17000家，約60萬(wàn)從業(yè)人員，年模具總產(chǎn)值達(dá)200億元人民幣。國(guó)內(nèi)需要的大型、精密、復(fù)雜和長(zhǎng)壽命的模具還主要依靠進(jìn)口。

　　

【正文】 o electromagic interference, working is low, only about 5% of the mold manufacturing equipment of recent work in this task。 in the application process planning CAPP technology, basically a blank state, based on the need for a lot of standardization work。 in the mold mon technology, such as mold rapid prototyping technology, polishing, electroforming technologies, surface treatment technology aspects of CAD / CAM technology in China has just started. Computeraided technology, software development, is still at low level, the accumulation of knowledge and experience required. Most of our mold factory, mold processing equipment shop old, long in the length of civilian service, accuracy, low efficiency, still use the ordinary fing, turning, milling, planing, drilling, grinding and processing equipment, mold, heat treatment is still in use salt bath, boxtype furnace, operating with the experience of workers, poorly equipped, high energy consumption. Renewal of equipment is slow, technological innovation, technological progress is not much intensity. Although in recent years introduced many advanced mold processing equipment, but are too scattered, or not plete, only about 25% utilization, equipment, some of the advanced functions are not given full play. Lack of technology of highquality mold design, manufacturing technology and skilled workers, especially the lack of knowledge and breadth, knowledge structure, high levels of pound talents. China39。s mold industry and technical personnel, only 8% of employees 12%, and the technical personnel and skilled workers and lower the overall skill level. Before 1980, practitioners of technical personnel and skilled workers, the aging of knowledge, knowledge structure can not meet the current needs。 and staff employed after 80 years, expertise, experience lack of handson ability, not ease, do not want to learn technology. In recent years, the brain drain caused by personnel not only 21 decrease the quantity and quality levels, and personnel structure of the emergence of new faults, lean, make mold design, manufacturing difficult to raise the technical level. mold industry supporting materials, standard parts of present condition Over the past 10 years, especially the Eighth FiveYear, the State anization of the ministries have repeatedly Material Research Institute, universities and steel enterprises, research and development of special series of die steel, molds and other moldspecific carbide special tools, auxiliary materials, and some promotion. However, due to the quality is not stable enough, the lack of the necessary test conditions and test data, specifications and varieties less, large molds and special mold steel and specifications are required for the gap. In the steel supply, settlement amount and sporadic users of massproduced steel supply and demand contradiction, yet to be effectively addressed. In addition, in recent years have foreign steel mold set up sales outlets in China, but poor channels, technical services support the weak and prices are high, foreign exchange settlement system and other factors, promote the use of much current. Mold supporting materials and special techniques in recent years despite the popularization and application, but failed to mature production technology, most still also in the exploratory stage tests, such as die coating technology, surface treatment technology mold, mold guide lubrication technology Die sensing technology and lubrication technology, mold to stress technology, mold and other antifatigue and anticorrosion technology productivity has not yet fully formed, towards mercialization. Some key, important technologies also lack the protection of intellectual property. China39。s mold standard parts production, the formation of the early 80s only smallscale production, standardization and standard mold parts using the coverage of about 20%, from the market can be assigned to, is just about 30 varieties, and limited to small and medium size. Standard punch, hot runner ponents and other supplies just the 22 beginning, mold and parts production and supply channels for poor, poor accuracy and quality. Die amp。 Mould Industry Structure in Industrial Organization China39。s mold industry is relatively backward and still could not be called an independent industry. Mold manufacturer in China currently can be divided into four categories: professional mold factory, professional production outside for mold。 products factory mold factory or workshop, in order to supply the product works as the main tasks needed to die。 diefunded enterprises branch, the anizational model and professional mold factory is similar to small but the main。 township mold business, and professional mold factory is similar. Of which the largest number of firstclass, mold production accounts for about 70% of total output. China39。s mold industry, decentralized management system. There are 19 major industry sectors manufacture and use of mold, there is no unified management of the department. Only by China Die amp。 Mould Industry Association, overall planning, focus on research, crosssectoral, interdepartmental management difficulties are many. Mold is suitable for small and medium enterprises anize production, and our technical transformation investment tilted to large and medium enterprises, small and medium enterprise investment mold can not be guaranteed. Including product factory mold shop, factory, including, after the transformation can not quickly recover its investment, or debtladen, affecting development. Although most products factory mold shop, factory technical force is strong, good equipment conditions, the production of mold levels higher, but equipment utilization rate. Price has long been China39。s mold inconsis