【導(dǎo)讀】環(huán)境與生態(tài)危機(jī)、文化身份。景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)源于我們祖先在謀生過程中積累下來的“生存藝術(shù)”，而這門藝術(shù)在中。國和在世界上，長期以來卻被上層文化中的所謂造園術(shù)掩蓋了。中國正處于重構(gòu)鄉(xiāng)村和城市景觀的重要?dú)v史時(shí)期。城市化、全球化以及唯物質(zhì)主義向未。中華民族文化身份問題的挑戰(zhàn)，重建精神信仰的挑戰(zhàn)。景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)在解決這三項(xiàng)世界性難題。[1]未來的光明前景在于景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)作為對景觀這一媒介的設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)控的特殊地。位，而光明的前景只屬于有準(zhǔn)備的人們。機(jī)遇，當(dāng)代景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)的使命和目標(biāo)以及景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)科和專業(yè)發(fā)展的對策等問題。時(shí)，桃花源卻再也不覓其蹤了。我們曾經(jīng)體驗(yàn)過、而且在當(dāng)今的中國仍然存在很多可以被稱為“桃花源”的鄉(xiāng)村。應(yīng)對諸如洪水、干旱、地震、滑坡、泥石流等自然災(zāi)害，以及在擇居、造。在中國660多個(gè)城市中，有三分之二的城市缺水，在我們的城市和鄉(xiāng)村流淌的河流

　　

【正文】 ed as national and world heritage sites, are products of feudalism, the imperial era, and the official scholarly culture. While past achievements cannot be denied, it is necessary to ask whether this style represents national Chinese cultural identity in 2021(Figure 2125e). This identity crisis is particularly obvious in the area of urban design. When a French designer places his own masterpiece (the National Grand Opera House) into the center of China39。s capital to realize his own dream, or when the majestic but dysfunctional Central TV Tower is built only for the power to bewitch (Daniel Burnham), designers must question what is really being displayed to the rest of the world? Torn between its own imperial past and today39。s Westernization, what is China39。s identity? These are important, broader questions for China39。s landscape architects to consider. Why We Are Living: The Death of Gods The third challenge is the loss of the spiritual homeland, where the soul rests and life is devoted to finding meaning. My grandmother told me that when a tree grows old, it bees a spirit, and that some spirits will inhabit the old trees. It has been said that the same is true of the fish, snakes, birds, and other animals. An old rock beside a village bees a spirit as do streams, ponds, hills and the land itself. Our parents built temples in which to shelter and worship ancestors, the wise men of the past, and the religious spirits who safeguarded welfare. It was once believed that these spirits protected earthly life, and that the future would depend on their judgment. Such spirits gave meaning to life (Figure26a,b). The jobs of 40 million farmers have been lost in recent years, a figure that increases annually by two million. Where do the landless farmers belong and what is their spiritual homeland? The bankruptcy of the former stateowned factories has left more than 21 million workers jobless. How much will they suffer spiritually because they were conditioned to regard the factory as their home? (Figure27a28b) The trend toward materialism has taken over China at a rapid rate, just as it has in other regions around the world. Every piece of land and all the elements in the landscape have been inhabited by various spirits where ancestors have been buried. These plains have been taken over by real estate development. The Dragon Hills, or the sacred hills, that secured numerous villages in rural China have been bulldozed. Meaningful and sacred streams and ponds that once shielded villages have been filled in or channeled in the name of flood control. Old camphor trees that house tree spirits have been pruned and sold to beautify city boulevards. Landscapes have bee mercialized. Gradually, the spiritual connection to the land and to the world beyond this earthly one has been lost (Figure29ac). It is certainly a nostalgic attitude to believe that the ideal agricultural landscape will be the model for everyday living, and it is native to believe that the land of peach blossoms can be regained and kept in the industrialized, motorized and globally connected society. A new type of land of peach blossoms must be explored and created, and it is to this mission that the profession of landscape architecture fits at the right time and at the right place. But how can this be achieved? How can landscape architecture assume the role to protect and rebuild such material and spiritual connections through the design of the physical environment? This is perhaps the most challenging question of all. 3 Recreating the Land of Peach Blossoms in a New Era: The Mission of Contemporary Landscape Architecture What is the Mission? In facing environmental and ecological degradation, a loss of cultural identity and the erosion of spiritual connection to the land, the mission of contemporary landscape architecture is to bring together again nature, people and the spirits, to create a new Land of Peach Blossoms in the urbanized, global, and industrialized era. Why Landscape Architecture? Landscape architecture can play a major role in the mission to rebuild the land of peach blossoms because it is a medium upon which various natural, cultural, and spiritual processes interact. This creates a workable link to gather and harmonize nature, people, and spiritual processes. Prominent naturalist and biologist Edward Wilson once mented that, In the expanding enterprise, landscape design will play a decisive role. Where the environment has been mostly humanized, biological diversity can still be sustained at high levels by the ingenious placement of woodlots, hedgerows, watersheds, reservoirs, and artificial ponds and lakes. Master plans will meld not just economic efficiency and beauty, but also the preservation of the species and the race. (Wilson 1992, Page317). Landscape refers here not only to the issue of the environment and ecology but also to the mood of the entire nation, to its sense of identity, and its cultural bearings (Girot, 1999). Landscape provides a foundation for connection, for home, and for belonging (Corner, 1999). Landscape architecture is possibly the most legitimate profession among those dealing with the physical environment to work toward recovering cultural identity and rebuilding the spiritual connection between people and their land. The strength of landscape architecture lies in its intrinsic association with the natural systems and its roots in agricultural traditions, matching local practices and variegated across thousands of years of evolution. It strengthens the motto that the best way to think globally is to act locally. Landscape architecture is the most workable scale for local action. Therefore, it is legitimate to argue that landscape architecture is a promising profession, and in China it is the ri