【正文】
our meters wide. Stoneslabs (厚板) ________(pile) up to form a semicircle at the entrance, ________ is decorated with beautiful wood or metal windows in a ________ (vary) of styles. The types of the cave dwelling can be divided into the earth cave dwelling, brick cave dwelling ________ stone dwelling. For centuries, they have been regarded ________the symbol of the peasants in northern part of Shaanxi Province. The beauty about the cave dwelling is ________they help maintain local geography and save on farmlands by ________ (make) use of space that would have been otherwise left unused. They are warm in winter and cool in summer. The temperature inside is usually 13 degrees Celsius higher than in the open in winter and 10 degrees Celsius ________ (low) in summer. Statistics show that 40 million people live in cave dwellings that are scattered over an area of 600,000 square kilometers in ________ middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.【答案】 dug;are piled;which;variety;and;as;that;making;lower;the 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了延安窯洞的地理位置、建筑風格及給當?shù)鼐用裆顜淼囊嫣帯?(1)考查非謂語動詞。句意:這是一種頗具特點在山里挖出的洞屋,用作西北黃土高原農(nóng)民工的棲息之地。house與dig之間為被動關系,使用過去分詞dug。故填dug。 (2)考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:厚石板堆積形成入口處的半圓,入口處裝飾著漂亮的木頭和各式各樣的金屬窗戶。通過分析句子結構可知,主句為“Stoneslabs (厚板)________(pile) up to form a semicircle at the entrance”,主句中存在不定式to form,stonelabs與pile之間為被動關系,且stonelabs為復數(shù),因此橫線上需填入被動語態(tài)形式are piled。故填are piled。 (3)考查定語從句。句意:厚石板堆積形成入口處的半圓,入口處裝飾著漂亮的木頭和各式各樣的金屬窗戶。此句為定語從句,先行詞為橫線前的一句話,在從句中作主語,應填入關系代詞which。故填which。 (4)考查名詞。句意:入口處裝飾著漂亮的木頭和各式各樣的金屬窗戶。a variety of固定短語,“各種各樣的”,故填variety。 (5)考查連詞。句意:窯洞的類型分為土溶洞、磚溶洞和石溶洞。stone dwelling與earth cave dwelling , brick cave dwelling互為并列關系,應使用并列連詞and。故填and。 (6)考查介詞。句意:幾個世紀以來,它們一直被視為陜西省北部農(nóng)民的象征。be regarded as動詞短語,“被視為”,故填as。 (7)考查表語從句。句意:窯洞之美在于它們有助于保持當?shù)氐牡乩砬闆r。通過分析句子結構可知此句為表語從句,且從句中不缺少任何成分應使用關系代詞that引導。故填that。 (8)考查非謂語動詞。句意:通過利用原本閑置的空間來節(jié)約耕地。介詞by后接名詞,題中所給詞性為動詞make,因此需使用make的動名詞形式making。故填making。 (9)考查形容詞。句意:室內溫度通常比冬天室外高13攝氏度,比夏天室外低10攝氏度。通過語境翻譯可知,橫線處意為“比…低”,使用low的比較級lower。故填lower。 (10)考查冠詞。句意:據(jù)統(tǒng)計,黃河中上游地區(qū)約有4000萬人居住在窯洞中,窯洞面積約60萬平方公里分布于黃河中上游地區(qū)?!癷n ________ middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.”作地點狀語,表示特指中上游地帶,應使用定冠詞,故填the。 【點評】本題考點涉及非謂語動詞,時態(tài)語態(tài),定語從句,名詞,連詞,介詞,表語從句,形容詞以及冠詞等多個知識點的考查,是一篇文化類閱讀,要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系,并結合相關語法知識,進行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。 10.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。 Chinese highspeed railways are a very fortable way to travel. They are clean, quiet and________(efficiency). China ________ (lead) other developing countries and even some developed ones in this field since the first highspeed train came into use in 2008. The stations are ________ (main) built outside the town center, but local transport has been lengthened ________ (connect) the highspeed network. The ________ (facility) on the train are new and the staff are well trained. Even the second class chairs provide plenty of space. The passages are wide and you can move easily, not ________ (disturb) anyone. You can use your mobile phone or work on your laptop, having access ________ the Internet. There is also a restaurant car, though the kinds of food ________ (be) limited. The toilets arc large, clean and userfriendly too. The train almost doesn39。t rock. Even when the train brakes, you can hardly feel it shake. What39。s more, with a faster checkin, the highspeed trains are also ________ (little) affected by weather than planes. Seldom are ________delayed or cancelled for weather condition. Therefore, they have bee the first choice for many passengers.【答案】 efficient;has led;mainly;to connect;facilities;disturbing;to;are;less;they 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了一種非常舒適的旅行方式——高速鐵路。 (1)考查形容詞。句意:它們干凈的、安靜的并且高效的。and是并列連詞,前面的clean, quiet都是形容詞,應用efficiency的形容詞形式,故填efficient。 (2)考查時態(tài)。句意:自2008年第一列高速列車投入使用以來,中國在這一領域領先于其他發(fā)展中國家,甚至一些發(fā)達國家。since“自從”,常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用;lead 是不規(guī)則動詞,過去式led,過去分詞led。故填has led。 (3)考查副詞。句意:這些車站主要建在城鎮(zhèn)中心以外。修飾過去分詞built用副詞,故填 mainly 。 (4)考查非謂語動詞。句意:但當?shù)氐慕煌ㄒ呀?jīng)延長,以連接高速鐵路網(wǎng)絡。此處用不定式作目的狀語, 故填to connect。 (5)考查名詞。句意:高鐵上的設施很新,工作人員受過良好的培訓。所填空在句子中作主語,根據(jù)謂語動詞are 可知,主語應該用復數(shù)形式,故填 facilities。 (6)考查非謂語動詞。句意:通道很寬,你可以輕松地走動,而不會打擾任何人。句子的謂語動詞是can move,故此處用非謂語動詞作狀語,disturb與邏輯主語you是主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語。故填disturbing 。 (7)考查介詞。句意:你可以使用手機或在筆記本電腦上工作,可以訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。have access to固定短語,“有使用/進入….的權利/機會”。故填to。 (8)考查主謂一致。句意:還有一節(jié)餐車,盡管食物種類有限。句子主語的中心詞是the kinds, 謂語動詞應該用復數(shù)形式,故填 are。 (9)考查副詞。句意:高鐵也比飛機更少地受到天氣的影響。根據(jù)后面的than可知little 應該用比較級,little的比較級是less,最高級是least,故填less。 (10)考查代詞。句意:他們很少被推遲或因天氣原因被取消。否定副詞seldom置于句首,句子應該用部分倒裝,將助動詞are提前, 所填空為句子的主語, 根據(jù)下一句they have bee the first choice可知應填they指代上一句出現(xiàn)的the highspeed trains。故填they。 【點評】本題考點涉及形容詞,時態(tài),副詞,非謂語動詞,名詞,介詞,主謂一致,代詞等多個知識點的考查,是一篇科技類閱讀,要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系,并結合相關語法知識,進行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。