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number plates differed ________ shape and size, and were made of lots of different materials, including iron, cardboard and even pressed soybeans. In fact, it was not until 1957 ________ car manufacturers and the governments agreed on standardized plates. ________ was first registered in the UK was A1. The letter A showed the number was from London, while the number 1 showed it was the first number issued. At the moment, number plates ________ (consist) of a sequence of letters and numbers are applied in the UK. Different EU countries also use different arrangements of numbers and letters, and ________ (they) systems have changed many times because these letternumber ________ (bine) keep running out. In the past decades, some number plates ________ (bee) extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words. ________ (basic), numbers on the plates can be used to represent words or parts of words. For example, NVERLA8 means Never Late. And the most ________ (expense) number ever was M1 which an anonymous buyer has acquired for £331,000.【答案】 to introduce;in;that;What;consisting;their;binations;have bee;Basically;expensive 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了車牌的發(fā)展史,包括材質(zhì)、形狀以及車牌上數(shù)字和字母所代表的含義等。 (1)考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:1893年,法國是第一個(gè)引入車牌的國家。分析句子可知,此處為固定句型“be+形容詞+to do sth.”,故填to introduce。 (2)考查介詞。句意:早期車牌在形狀和大小上都不相同。differ in固定短語,“在……方面不同”,故填in。 (3)考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意:事實(shí)上,直到1957年,汽車制造商和政府才就標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化車牌達(dá)成一致。分析句子可知,此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“it is/was not until…that…”,意為“直到……才”,故填that。 (4)考查主語從句。句意:在英國首次注冊的是A1。分析句子可知,此句為主語從句,從句缺少主語,因此需要連接代詞what做主語,且在句首需大寫,故填What。 (5)考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:目前,由一系列字母和數(shù)字組成的車牌在英國適用。分析句子可知,number plates與consist是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此需使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,故填consisting。 (6)考查代詞。句意:不同的歐盟國家之間也使用不同的數(shù)字和字母安排,他們的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)改變了很多次,因?yàn)檫@些字母和數(shù)字的組合在不斷耗盡。修飾名詞systems需用形容詞性物主代詞,故填their。 (7)考查名詞。句意:不同的歐盟國家之間也使用不同的數(shù)字和字母安排,他們的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)改變了很多次,因?yàn)檫@些字母和數(shù)字的組合在不斷耗盡。these為修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的指示代詞,應(yīng)使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填binations。 (8)考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在過去的幾十年里,一些車牌變得極其寶貴,特別是那些拼出單詞的車牌。分析句子可知,in the past decades一般與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,主語some number plates是復(fù)數(shù)概念,故填have bee。 (9)考查副詞。句意:基本上,盤子上的數(shù)字可以表示單詞或部分單詞。分析句子可知,修飾整個(gè)句子時(shí)要使用副詞,故填Basically。 (10)考查形容詞。句意:有史以來,最貴的一個(gè)車牌是一名匿名買家以331000英鎊購買的M1。分析句子可知,修飾名詞number需用形容詞,故填expensive。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及非謂語動(dòng)詞,介詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)句,主語從句,代詞,名詞,時(shí)態(tài),副詞以及形容詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇文化類閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。10.閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Some misunderstanding is putting shark populations at risk now. Thousands of sharks are dying as ________result of people39。s false beliefs. Female sharks need males to make babies. Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves and have young sharks ________a male shark. That39。s something ________(mon) seen in plants and insects like ants and bees. Shark fins have medical function. Traditionally, shark fin soup ________(believe) to have health benefits and is quite special in China. ________modern scientists point out that shark tissue (組織)can be extremely high in poison. What39。s more, shark fishing kills up to 100 million animals each year, ________(endanger) several different species. If you39。re bitten by a shark, you will be a goner. You are more than twice as likely ________(die) from a lightning strike as from a shark bite, according to the Florida Museum39。s International Shark Attack File (ISAF). Even if you are bitten, the large ________(major) of people survive, says Dr. Chapman. There ________(be) sixtysix unprovoked(無端的)shark bite incidents around the world in 2018, only six of ________were dangerous, according to the ISAF.【答案】 a;without;monly;is believed;But/Yet;endangering;to die;majority;were;which 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹人們過去對(duì)鯊魚的誤解,喚醒人們要有保護(hù)動(dòng)物意識(shí)。 (1)考查冠詞。句意:由于人們的錯(cuò)誤觀念,成千上萬的鯊魚正在死亡。as a result of固定短語,“作為……的結(jié)果”。故填a。 (2)考查介詞。句意:一些雌性鯊魚有能力自己繁殖后代,并且在沒有雄性鯊魚的情況下產(chǎn)下幼鯊。根據(jù)上文Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves可知,此處指“雌性鯊魚在沒有雄性鯊魚的情況下產(chǎn)下幼鯊”,應(yīng)使用介詞without“沒有”。故填without。 (3)考查副詞。句意:這種情況在植物和昆蟲中很常見,比如螞蟻和蜜蜂。此處修飾過去分詞seen,應(yīng)使用副詞形式。故填monly。 (4)考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:傳統(tǒng)上,魚翅湯被認(rèn)為對(duì)健康有益,在中國很特別。believe與shark fin soup是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài);此處描述的是客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is believed。 (5)考查連詞。句意:但現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家指出,鯊魚組織是非常厲害的毒藥。根據(jù)語境可知,此處前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but/yet“但是”。故填But/Yet。 (6)考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:更重要的是,捕撈鯊魚每年殺死多達(dá)1億只,危及幾個(gè)不同的物種。“捕撈鯊魚每年殺死多達(dá)1億只”危及幾個(gè)不同的物種,endanger的邏輯主語是整個(gè)前句描述的內(nèi)容,此處與前句內(nèi)容是邏輯主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故填endangering。 (7)考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:根據(jù)佛羅里達(dá)博物館的國際鯊魚攻擊檔案(ISAF),人們死于雷擊的可能性是鯊魚咬的兩倍多。be likely to do ,“可能做某事”。故填to die。 (8)考查名詞。句意:“即使被咬了,大多數(shù)人還是活下來了”,查普曼博士說。根據(jù)空前形容詞及空后介詞of可知,此處使用名詞。故填majority。 (9)考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:根據(jù)國際安全援助部隊(duì)的數(shù)據(jù),2018年全世界共發(fā)生了66起無端的鯊魚咬傷事件,其中只有6起是危險(xiǎn)的。根據(jù)in 2018可知,此處描述的是過去的事情,應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí);there be句型主謂一致遵循“就近原則”,由sixtysix unprovoked(無端的)shark bite incidents可知,此處be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。 (10)考查定語從句。句意:根據(jù)國際安全援助部隊(duì)的數(shù)據(jù),2018年全世界共發(fā)生了66起無端的鯊魚咬傷事件,其中只有6起是危險(xiǎn)的。此處是帶有介詞的定語從句,先行詞是sixtysix unprovoked(無端的)shark bite incidents,關(guān)系詞在介詞之后,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及冠詞,介詞,副詞,時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài),連詞,名詞以及定語從句等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。