【正文】 sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival. A craving is more plex. It activates (使活躍) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drugcraving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure. In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings. So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach. （1）What is the function of the first paragraph? A.To remind readers of their own special food.B.To deepen the understanding of hunger.C.To report the discovery of craving study.D.To lead to the topic of the whole passage.（2）What do we learn about food craving? A.It shows food is linked to feelings.B.It ensures a person survives hunger.C.It means the stomach functions well.D.It proves the brain decides your appetite.（3）What39。s the likely result of dieting? A.The decrease of chemicals.B.The increase of food desire.C.The refusal of fat and sugar.D.The disappearance of appetite.（4）What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The functions of brain areas.B.What hunger is all about.C.The findings of food craving.D.What dieting may bring us.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是說明文，主要談?wù)擄嬍硾_動(dòng)的調(diào)查結(jié)果。食物與情感有關(guān)系，節(jié)食的結(jié)果會(huì)導(dǎo)致食物欲望的增加。(1)目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are ，第一段是為了引導(dǎo)整篇文章的話題。故答案選D。(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are ，食物與情感有關(guān)系。故答案選A。(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that“dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food ，節(jié)食的結(jié)果會(huì)導(dǎo)致食物欲望的增加。故答案選B。(4)主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your 。故答案選C。【點(diǎn)評】說明文主題和文章大意的技巧：應(yīng)對文章主題和中心大意考題時(shí)，尋找和發(fā)現(xiàn)文章主題句就是關(guān)鍵。這個(gè)主題句一般具有如下特點(diǎn)：①表達(dá)的意思比較概括。②句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，大多數(shù)時(shí)候，不采用長句、難句的形式。③段落的其他句子必定是用來解釋或發(fā)揮主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想的。④主題句的位置除個(gè)別情況下是在文中的句子，大多數(shù)情況下，主題句往往是在段首和段尾。所以，在閱讀文章時(shí)，要特別注意文章的首段、首句和末句。8．閱讀理解 A fiveyearold dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck. The man, Bob, was alone when he left his Michigan farmhouse on New Year39。s Eve to collect firewood. Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (襯褲), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around 4℃. After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow. Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance. I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10:30 pm, Bob explained. But my Kelsey came. By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn39。t yell for help, but Kelsey didn39。t stop barking. Kelsey39。s panion kept him warm by lying on top of him. She licked his face and hands to keep him awake. Kelsey kept barking but never left my side, Bob recalled. She kept me warm. I knew I couldn39。t give up and that it was my choice to stay alive. Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold. When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob39。s neighbor discovered him at 6:30 pm on New Year39。s Day and called the emergency services at once. When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21℃. However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn39。t have any frostbite (凍瘡). They believed it was because of Kelsey39。s determination to keep him warm, Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, Animals can help and his dog really saved him... He was very fortunate.” Bob said he was enormously grateful to both Dr. Colen and his Kelsey, They saved my life. They are truly heroes!（1）What happened to Bob on New Year39。s Eve? A.He left his dog alone in his farmhouse.B.He was praised for saving a dog owner.C.He broke his neck and couldn39。t move.D.He heard his neighbor39。s shouting for help.（2）Why did Kelsey keep barking? A.To keep warm.B.To stay alive.C.To keep Bob awake.D.To seek help from others.（3）How does Dr. Chaim Colen feel about Kelsey? A.Helpful.B.Fortunate.C.Grateful.D.Friendly.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.A Neckbreaking AccidentB.The Magic NightC.Warmth on a Winter39。s NightD.Determination to Keep Alive【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一只名叫Kelsey的狗在那個(gè)夜晚為受傷的作者尋求幫助，并救了作者的命，帶給作者溫暖。并因此像個(gè)英雄般受到表揚(yáng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“to save the life of her owner wh