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harks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves and have young sharks ________a male shark. That39。s something ________(mon) seen in plants and insects like ants and bees. Shark fins have medical function. Traditionally, shark fin soup ________(believe) to have health benefits and is quite special in China. ________modern scientists point out that shark tissue (組織)can be extremely high in poison. What39。s more, shark fishing kills up to 100 million animals each year, ________(endanger) several different species. If you39。re bitten by a shark, you will be a goner. You are more than twice as likely ________(die) from a lightning strike as from a shark bite, according to the Florida Museum39。s International Shark Attack File (ISAF). Even if you are bitten, the large ________(major) of people survive, says Dr. Chapman. There ________(be) sixtysix unprovoked(無端的)shark bite incidents around the world in 2018, only six of ________were dangerous, according to the ISAF.【答案】 a;without;monly;is believed;But/Yet;endangering;to die;majority;were;which 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹人們過去對(duì)鯊魚的誤解,喚醒人們要有保護(hù)動(dòng)物意識(shí)。 (1)考查冠詞。句意:由于人們的錯(cuò)誤觀念,成千上萬的鯊魚正在死亡。as a result of固定短語(yǔ),“作為……的結(jié)果”。故填a。 (2)考查介詞。句意:一些雌性鯊魚有能力自己繁殖后代,并且在沒有雄性鯊魚的情況下產(chǎn)下幼鯊。根據(jù)上文Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves可知,此處指“雌性鯊魚在沒有雄性鯊魚的情況下產(chǎn)下幼鯊”,應(yīng)使用介詞without“沒有”。故填without。 (3)考查副詞。句意:這種情況在植物和昆蟲中很常見,比如螞蟻和蜜蜂。此處修飾過去分詞seen,應(yīng)使用副詞形式。故填monly。 (4)考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:傳統(tǒng)上,魚翅湯被認(rèn)為對(duì)健康有益,在中國(guó)很特別。believe與shark fin soup是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);此處描述的是客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is believed。 (5)考查連詞。句意:但現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家指出,鯊魚組織是非常厲害的毒藥。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but/yet“但是”。故填But/Yet。 (6)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:更重要的是,捕撈鯊魚每年殺死多達(dá)1億只,危及幾個(gè)不同的物種?!安稉契忯~每年殺死多達(dá)1億只”危及幾個(gè)不同的物種,endanger的邏輯主語(yǔ)是整個(gè)前句描述的內(nèi)容,此處與前句內(nèi)容是邏輯主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填endangering。 (7)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:根據(jù)佛羅里達(dá)博物館的國(guó)際鯊魚攻擊檔案(ISAF),人們死于雷擊的可能性是鯊魚咬的兩倍多。be likely to do ,“可能做某事”。故填to die。 (8)考查名詞。句意:“即使被咬了,大多數(shù)人還是活下來了”,查普曼博士說。根據(jù)空前形容詞及空后介詞of可知,此處使用名詞。故填majority。 (9)考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:根據(jù)國(guó)際安全援助部隊(duì)的數(shù)據(jù),2018年全世界共發(fā)生了66起無端的鯊魚咬傷事件,其中只有6起是危險(xiǎn)的。根據(jù)in 2018可知,此處描述的是過去的事情,應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí);there be句型主謂一致遵循“就近原則”,由sixtysix unprovoked(無端的)shark bite incidents可知,此處be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。 (10)考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:根據(jù)國(guó)際安全援助部隊(duì)的數(shù)據(jù),2018年全世界共發(fā)生了66起無端的鯊魚咬傷事件,其中只有6起是危險(xiǎn)的。此處是帶有介詞的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是sixtysix unprovoked(無端的)shark bite incidents,關(guān)系詞在介詞之后,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及冠詞,介詞,副詞,時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),連詞,名詞以及定語(yǔ)從句等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。 10.閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Kiwis are endangered little birds native to New Zealand. It ________(believe) that these small birds exist as a result of New Zealand39。s isolation (隔離)from the other parts of the world, forcing animals there ________(adapt)and evolve (進(jìn)化)so as to be able to survive and reproduce. The evolution is what has led to the present________(appear) of the kiwi bird. Kiwis are a national symbol of New Zealand, with the name kiwi ________(be) associated with many things in New Zealand including their famous rugby national team. Kiwis have excellent memories and can remember something that ________(happen) as long as five years back. Even though they have feathers, their feathers look and feel ________(much) like hair rather than feathers. This enables them to be able to hide in a bush and go ________(plete) unnoticed by their natural enemies. Unlike most birds, the kiwi bird has a great sense of smell ________enables them to sniff out prey (獵物)hidden in bushes and underground. The smallest kiwi bird has ________height of 45 centimeters and wight of 2 kilograms while the largest kiwi can grow________50 centimeters tall and can weigh kilograms.【答案】 is believed;to adapt;appearance;being;happened;more;pletely;that/which;a;to 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了幾維鳥的相關(guān)信息。 (1)考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:人們認(rèn)為,這些小鳥的存在是新西蘭與世界其他地方隔絕的結(jié)果。此處是陳述種客觀事實(shí),故應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);It is believed that... “據(jù)人們認(rèn)為……”,因此填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填is believed。 (2)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:迫使那里的動(dòng)物適應(yīng)和進(jìn)化,以便能夠生存和繁殖。force...to do ,“強(qiáng)迫……做某事”,故填to adapt。 (3)考查名詞。句意:這種進(jìn)化導(dǎo)致了幾維鳥的出現(xiàn)。present在句中為形容詞,因此應(yīng)該填入所給形容詞的名詞形式。故填appearance。 (4)考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:幾維鳥是新西蘭的國(guó)家象征,kiwi這個(gè)名字與新西蘭的許多事物都有聯(lián)系,包括新西蘭著名的橄欖球隊(duì)。此處是“with+名詞+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu),由于kiwi與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)be associated with之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此填所給詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填being。 (5)考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:幾維鳥的記憶力很好,他們能記住五年前發(fā)生的事情。故應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí),因此應(yīng)該填入所給動(dòng)詞的過去式。故填happened。 (6)考查形容詞。句意:盡管它們有羽毛,但它們的羽毛看上去和摸起來都更像是茸毛而非羽毛。因此填形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填more。 (7)考查副詞。句意:這使得它們能夠躲在灌木叢中,完全不被天敵發(fā)現(xiàn)。此處是用于修飾過去分詞unnoticed,因此用副詞,填pletely。 (8)考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:與大多數(shù)鳥類不同的是,幾維鳥有很強(qiáng)的嗅覺,能夠嗅出隱藏在灌木叢和地下的獵物。此處是一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是a great sense of smell,指物,且引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),因此填關(guān)系代詞that或which,引導(dǎo)該限制性定語(yǔ)從句。故填that/which。 (9)考查冠詞。句意:最小的幾維鳥身高45厘米,體重2公斤。have a height of... 固定短語(yǔ),“有……高”,因此填冠詞a。故填a。 (10)考查介詞。句意:而最大的幾維鳥可以長(zhǎng)到50厘米高。介詞to后接數(shù)字表示能到達(dá)多高。故填to。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),主謂一致,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,名詞,形容詞,副詞,定語(yǔ)從句,冠詞以及介詞等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查,是一篇科普類閱讀,要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,并結(jié)合相關(guān)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。