【正文】 ut the silent cafes? A.It provides various tea and books.B.It has attracted many popular young people.C.It offers service by writing not by speaking.D.People are not allowed to municate.（2）Which of the following statement can39。t account for the idea of being alone in Japan? A.Unstable economic situationB.A change in traditional family support patternC.The rising demand for privacyD.The increasing social isolation（3）What do we know about Higashikokubaru? A.She doesn39。t like to be a nurse.B.She doesn39。t like the life in big cities.C.She travelled to Tokyo on her work days.D.She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place.（4）What is the best title of the passage? A.Lonely JapaneseB.One woman weddingC.Social recluses in JapanD.Silent cafes【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了日本如今興起的“無(wú)聲咖啡館的相關(guān)信息，特殊服務(wù)方式以及原因。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“This is a familiar scene in Tokyo39。s socalled ‘silent caf233。s’, where customers are not allowed to speak, and only municate by writing in notepads.”可知在這家餐廳里顧客和服務(wù)員的交流是通過(guò)手寫實(shí)現(xiàn)的。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation.”可知在日本出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)上的不確定性，傳統(tǒng)家庭供養(yǎng)方式的變化以及越來(lái)越多的社交隔離。故ABD三項(xiàng)都是原因。只有C項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23yearold nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time.”可知Chihiro Higashikokubaru旅行90分鐘來(lái)到東京享受solo time，說(shuō)明她很喜歡solo time，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段可知在日本出現(xiàn)了“silent cafes”并介紹了在日本出現(xiàn)的新的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，人們?cè)絹?lái)越喜歡獨(dú)處。同時(shí)分析了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因主要是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的不確定性，傳統(tǒng)家庭供養(yǎng)方式的變化以及越來(lái)越多的社交隔離。D項(xiàng)與主題段相關(guān)，能夠很快切入主旨，可做文章的標(biāo)題。選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still of the speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things. One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs (肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land. Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物學(xué)家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again. Homer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to acplish the transition (過(guò)渡) from sea to land. Romer called these earliest fourfooted animals “tetrapods”. Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it. Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋學(xué)家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using puter software, her team had managed to link Homer39。s theory to places where fossil deposits (沉積物) of the earliest tetrapods were found. According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now. The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”, explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK39。s University of Bangor. As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you bee food or you run out of food... the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (翻轉(zhuǎn)) themselves back in the water.” As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge University39。s paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaking to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “It39。s only one of many ideas for the origin of landbased tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer,” she said.（1）Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools? A.Alfred Romer.B.Charles Darwin.C.Hannah Byrne.D.Steven Balbus.（2）Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus? A.There were larger oceans.B.Earth was closer to the moon.C.The moon gave off more energy.D.Earth was under greater pressure.（3）The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 8 probably means “________”. A.foundB.settledC.abandonedD.trapped（4）What is the focus of the article? A.The arguments over a scientific theory.B.The proposal of a new scientific theory.C.Some new evidence to support a previous theory.D.A new discovery that questions a previous theory.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，一些新的證據(jù)驗(yàn)證了先前人們的猜測(cè)理論：即海洋中的動(dòng)物是因?yàn)槌毕淖饔脤?dǎo)致魚類發(fā)展出四肢，遷徙到陸地的。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (