【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 law won broad support from gun owners. [B] 德州的新法律得到了槍支擁有者們的廣泛支持。 [C] Florida?s law goes too far away when pared with the new law of Texas. [C]相比德州的新法律，佛羅里達(dá)州的法律走得太遠(yuǎn)了。 [D] The new law was passed quite smoothly. [D] 新法律順利通過(guò)。 [答案 ] D [難度系數(shù) ] ☆☆☆ [分析 ] 細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng) A，德州是第十六個(gè)通過(guò)允許公民不辨 別逃跑就可以開(kāi)槍的法律，不是通過(guò)退卻義務(wù)的。選項(xiàng) B，文章中提到 “德克薩斯州的人們支持槍支合法 ”，不僅僅是槍支的擁有者們，因此該選項(xiàng)過(guò)于狹隘。選項(xiàng) C，佛羅里達(dá)州的法律比德州的更為寬松。選項(xiàng)D，第五段提到 “該法律還是獲得了廣泛的支持最終通過(guò)了立法 ”，正是贏得了廣泛的支持，該法律才得以通過(guò)，因此是正確陳述。 參考譯文： 星期二下午，關(guān)于弗吉尼亞科技學(xué)院殺人案的消息傳開(kāi)后，奧斯汀市區(qū)一家漢堡包餐廳的員工聚集在吧臺(tái)上方的電視機(jī)前。一個(gè)看上去還是個(gè)大男孩的侍者推測(cè)如果這個(gè)開(kāi)槍者真的用了一把 9毫米口徑的手槍， 那么他肯定有一個(gè)同謀。他說(shuō)，這種手槍只能裝下一定數(shù)量的子彈，他中間得停下來(lái)繼續(xù)裝彈。 德克薩斯人在聊天時(shí)可以對(duì)槍支侃侃而談，這并不鮮見(jiàn)。德州居民不需要許可證就可以購(gòu)買槍支，而擁有槍支也不需要登記。因此，警察也不確定該州到底有多少槍支，但數(shù)量應(yīng) 該相當(dāng)可觀。 2020年 “行為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素監(jiān)察調(diào)查 ”中， 36%的被調(diào)查者稱他們家中至少有一支槍。 該州的槍支法律不很嚴(yán)格，而且有越來(lái)越松的傾向。 3月份， Rick Perry 州長(zhǎng)簽署了一項(xiàng)議案，增加了開(kāi)槍的自由。以前，只有 “行動(dòng)者為有理智的人且沒(méi)有撤退 ”的情況下 德克薩斯人開(kāi)槍才是合法的。而將于 9月份生效的新法律卻去掉了辨別是否有逃跑企圖的這種需要。新法律認(rèn)為守法公民有理由堅(jiān)持他們的立場(chǎng)。這也將使得開(kāi)槍者免于民事訴訟。 該法律受到了許多批評(píng)。法律執(zhí)行官員稱退卻義務(wù)可以救命，因?yàn)檫@種義務(wù)能防止沖突升級(jí)。新法律似乎在保護(hù)那些處于興奮狀態(tài)的開(kāi)槍者，他們?cè)跊](méi)有真正威脅的情況下卻感覺(jué)到自己受到了威脅。該法律可能不是必需的。在該州并沒(méi)有截車的危險(xiǎn)，陪審團(tuán)也并未堅(jiān)持要求退卻義務(wù)。公眾普遍認(rèn)同 1921年 Oliver Wendell Holmes提出的建議， “面對(duì)已經(jīng)舉起的刀時(shí)不 能要求人們沒(méi)有任何反應(yīng)。 ” 但是，該法律還是獲得了廣泛的支持才最終得以立法。在某種程度上，這表示了該州回歸形式的趨向。德克薩斯直到 1973年才承認(rèn)了退卻義務(wù)，卻是美國(guó)第十六個(gè)通過(guò)這種法律的州，此前是佛羅里達(dá)州于 2020年通過(guò)了該法律。佛羅里達(dá)州的法律更加離譜，認(rèn)為任何竊賊都有殺人的企圖。 德克薩斯州的人們支持槍支合法，盡管該州曾經(jīng)歷過(guò)多次大規(guī)模的殺人事件。 1966年，奧斯汀德克薩斯大學(xué)一名學(xué)生 Charles Whitman從學(xué)校鐘塔上向 50名行人開(kāi)槍，導(dǎo)致16人死亡。 1991年， Gee Hennard駕駛自己的卡車進(jìn)入基林小鎮(zhèn)的一家餐館，殺死了 23名顧客，最后自殺。而本周前發(fā)生的是美國(guó)歷史上最為恐怖的校園槍擊案，也是最殘酷的多人被殺槍擊案。 Kids heading back to enlightened schools this fall may find nutrition and exercise on the agenda even in math class. In an effort to reverse the alarming increase of obesity in children, some schools have found ways to encourage healthful lifestyle changes without emphasizing the negative—too much body weight. Pla Health, developed by Harvard University researchers and now used in hundreds of schools throughout the country, integrates obesity prevention lessons into the science, math, and social studies curricula, for example. Students e to appreciate the importance of reducing TV time by calculating during math class the amount of their lifetime they39。ve spent in front of the set. In gym, they decide on goals for subbing in physical activity instead. The program costs only about 15 per student annually, a bargain, considering the payoffs: A 2020 study published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine found that middleschool girls who had Pla Health in their schools were half as likely to purge or use diet pills as those in schools without it. It really focuses on the positive, and that39。s why we think it39。s protective against these dangerous behaviors, says study author Bryn Austin, an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. A second program adopted by 7,000 elementary schools nationwide, the Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH), similarly puts the focus on good health habits instead of weight. In class, students use a trafficlight system to identify go, slow, and whoa foods and take breaks to do jumping jacks. In the cafeteria, fruits, vegetables, lowfat milk, and wholegrain starches are labeled with greenlight tags, and pizza gets a yellow light. Gym activities are designed to keep students constantly moving. Every kid gets a ball to dribble or a hula hoop。 there39。s no lining up and waiting to take a turn, says Phil Nader, professor of pediatrics emeritus at the University of California—San Diego, who helped develop CATCH. A threeyear study paring CATCH schools with others without the program found that CATCH increased the proportion of gym class spent in motion, from 40 percent to 50 percent, and reduced the consumption of fat in schools from 39 percent of total calories to 32 percent. A second study found that the program prevented the growth in number of overweight students that normally occurs from grade 3 to grade 5. CATCH students in El Paso, Texas (with one of the highest obesity rates in the nation), held