【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 o ’s glad to see you was difficult to it’s good to swim in ,IT 作主語(yǔ)，有如下情況：1）指代剛剛提到的事物：What’s this ? It’s a bus.（指代what）2）指代一個(gè)你不知道或判斷不清性別的人：Who’s knocking the door? It’s me.（指代 who）Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister.（指代 who）3）表示時(shí)間，天氣，距離：What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock.（時(shí)間）What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.（天氣）How far is it? It’s about one kilometre away.（距離） 引起的There be 句型中，be 作謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)位居其后。如：There are many different kinds of will be a strong 謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，依據(jù)其在句中繁簡(jiǎn)程度可把謂語(yǔ)分為簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)和復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)兩類(lèi)。不論何種時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣，凡由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞（或動(dòng)詞詞組）構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)都是簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)。例如：I like walking.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）I made your birthday cake last night.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）It is used by travellers and business people all over the world.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)也可分為兩種情況：第一種是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：What does this word mean?I won’t do it ’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin ’d better catch a +表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。例如：You look the are all weather gets wamer, and the days get quite and listen to looked have to be up early in the Bill in?School Is ’s go pen is in my feel * fell tried all the seemed rather tired last ，不宜分割；有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)這方面知識(shí)在課本中已有介紹，此處不多說(shuō)了。賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作所涉及的對(duì)象，它是動(dòng)作的承受者，賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任，賓語(yǔ)一般放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。I saw a cat in the 。I want to go 。He said he could be 。We think you are 。有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)多指人，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)指物，指人的賓語(yǔ)叫做間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的賓語(yǔ)叫做直接賓語(yǔ)，可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語(yǔ)可把直接賓語(yǔ)放在間接賓語(yǔ)的前面，但間接賓語(yǔ)前須加“to”。My father bought me a 。Give the rubber to 。please give the letter to 。有些及物動(dòng)詞除跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還需要加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，否則意思不完整，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中賓語(yǔ)和后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這也是判斷是兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的依據(jù)，賓語(yǔ)可以由名詞或起名詞作用的詞擔(dān)任。We all call him 。please color it 。We found the little girl in the 。定語(yǔ)用于描述名詞，代詞，短語(yǔ)或從句的性質(zhì)，特征范圍等情況的詞叫做定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)可以由名詞，形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞，短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任。如果定語(yǔ)是單個(gè)詞，定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的前面，如果是詞組，定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面。That is a beautiful 。The TV set made in that factory is very 。This is my book,not your ，不是你的書(shū)。There are more than twenty trees in our。I have a lot of things to 。Our country is a developing 。狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明事物發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，結(jié)果方式，條件或伴隨情況，程度等情況的詞叫狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等A、副詞一般在句子中做狀語(yǔ)。He speaks English very 。He is playing under the the tree是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。B、不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語(yǔ)。I e specially to see 。C、介詞短語(yǔ)Ten years ago, She began to live in boy was praised for his 、從句作狀語(yǔ)When she was 12 years old, she began to live in I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with 、分詞作狀語(yǔ)Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take 英語(yǔ)中補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的作用對(duì)象是主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，具有鮮明的定語(yǔ)性描寫(xiě)或限制性功能，在句法上是不可或缺的。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用的成份。最常見(jiàn)的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)它用在系動(dòng)詞后，是句子的一個(gè)基本成分。常用主－系－表結(jié)構(gòu)。 saw her with them, at least, I thought it was ，至少，至少我認(rèn)為是她。（her做賓 語(yǔ)，them做介詞賓語(yǔ)，her做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）Who broke the vase?誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶？。（me做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= It39。s me.） hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.（she做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗，還真是她。賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（to do）Father will not allow us to play on the 。We believe him to be 。We made him copy the is made to copy the felt my hands At the meeting we elected him think your brother a clever What you said made Xiao Wang found the classroom emptyplease call the students back at was seen to take his cap We hear him singing in the found him lying in bed, He saw his face reflected in the heard it spoken of in the next 表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，身份，特征和狀態(tài)。表語(yǔ)須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后。表語(yǔ)可以由名詞，形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任。These desks are 。I am all 。We are happy 。It39。s 。She is 。My work is teaching English,我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。The dictionary is in the 。My question is how you knew 。同位語(yǔ)當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來(lái)說(shuō)明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語(yǔ)（appositive）。這兩個(gè)句子成分多由名詞（代詞）擔(dān)任，同位語(yǔ)通常皆放在其說(shuō)明的名詞（代詞）之后。This is Miss Chen, our English ，我們的英語(yǔ)老師。My parents both are 。We all like 。第四篇：句子成分一、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句基本結(jié)構(gòu)分析： 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)：可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語(yǔ)之后。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We ：賓語(yǔ)位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：me，him，them等例：The boy needs a boy，謂語(yǔ)needs(need的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式)，賓語(yǔ)a pen. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)：同‘主謂賓’結(jié)構(gòu)。聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞（Link verb)：be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其他聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞如：bee成為，turn變成,go變。其特點(diǎn)是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞與其后的表語(yǔ)沒(méi)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表語(yǔ)多為形容詞或副詞，既，不可能是賓語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、等?？蔀樾稳菰~、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、分詞。當(dāng)聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞不是be，而其后是名詞和代詞時(shí)，多表達(dá)‘轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?，注?