【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 o ’s glad to see you was difficult to it’s good to swim in ,IT 作主語，有如下情況：1）指代剛剛提到的事物：What’s this ? It’s a bus.（指代what）2）指代一個你不知道或判斷不清性別的人：Who’s knocking the door? It’s me.（指代 who）Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister.（指代 who）3）表示時間，天氣，距離：What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock.（時間）What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.（天氣）How far is it? It’s about one kilometre away.（距離） 引起的There be 句型中，be 作謂語，主語位居其后。如：There are many different kinds of will be a strong 謂語由動詞構(gòu)成，依據(jù)其在句中繁簡程度可把謂語分為簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語兩類。不論何種時態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣，凡由一個動詞（或動詞詞組）構(gòu)成的謂語都是簡單謂語。例如：I like walking.（一般現(xiàn)在時主動語態(tài)）I made your birthday cake last night.（一般過去時主動語態(tài)）It is used by travellers and business people all over the world.（一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)）復(fù)合謂語也可分為兩種情況：第一種是由情態(tài)動詞，助動詞+不帶to的動詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語：What does this word mean?I won’t do it ’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin ’d better catch a +表語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語。例如：You look the are all weather gets wamer, and the days get quite and listen to looked have to be up early in the Bill in?School Is ’s go pen is in my feel * fell tried all the seemed rather tired last ，不宜分割；有關(guān)動詞的種類這方面知識在課本中已有介紹，此處不多說了。賓語賓語是謂語動作所涉及的對象，它是動作的承受者，賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任，賓語一般放在謂語動詞后面。I saw a cat in the 。I want to go 。He said he could be 。We think you are 。有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，其中一個賓語多指人，另一個賓語指物，指人的賓語叫做間接賓語，指物的賓語叫做直接賓語，可以帶兩個賓語的動詞有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面，如果強調(diào)直接賓語可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面，但間接賓語前須加“to”。My father bought me a 。Give the rubber to 。please give the letter to 。有些及物動詞除跟一個賓語外，還需要加上賓語補足語，否則意思不完整，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合賓語中賓語和后面的賓語補足語有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這也是判斷是兩個賓語還是復(fù)合賓語的依據(jù)，賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的詞擔(dān)任。We all call him 。please color it 。We found the little girl in the 。定語用于描述名詞，代詞，短語或從句的性質(zhì)，特征范圍等情況的詞叫做定語，定語可以由名詞，形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞，短語擔(dān)任。如果定語是單個詞，定語放在被修飾詞的前面，如果是詞組，定語放在被修飾詞的后面。That is a beautiful 。The TV set made in that factory is very 。This is my book,not your ，不是你的書。There are more than twenty trees in our。I have a lot of things to 。Our country is a developing 。狀語說明事物發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，目的，結(jié)果方式，條件或伴隨情況，程度等情況的詞叫狀語。狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等A、副詞一般在句子中做狀語。He speaks English very 。He is playing under the the tree是地點狀語。B、不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語。I e specially to see 。C、介詞短語Ten years ago, She began to live in boy was praised for his 、從句作狀語When she was 12 years old, she began to live in I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with 、分詞作狀語Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take 英語中補語的作用對象是主語和賓語，具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能，在句法上是不可或缺的。補語是起補充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補足語。名詞、動名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補。主語的補語它用在系動詞后，是句子的一個基本成分。常用主－系－表結(jié)構(gòu)。 saw her with them, at least, I thought it was ，至少，至少我認為是她。（her做賓 語，them做介詞賓語，her做主語補語）Who broke the vase?誰打碎了花瓶？。（me做主語補語= It39。s me.） hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.（she做主語補語）約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗，還真是她。賓語的補語（to do）Father will not allow us to play on the 。We believe him to be 。We made him copy the is made to copy the felt my hands At the meeting we elected him think your brother a clever What you said made Xiao Wang found the classroom emptyplease call the students back at was seen to take his cap We hear him singing in the found him lying in bed, He saw his face reflected in the heard it spoken of in the next 表語是用來說明主語的性質(zhì)，身份，特征和狀態(tài)。表語須和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語。表語一般放在系動詞之后。表語可以由名詞，形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語擔(dān)任。These desks are 。I am all 。We are happy 。It39。s 。She is 。My work is teaching English,我的工作是教英語。The dictionary is in the 。My question is how you knew 。同位語當(dāng)兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，一個句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語（appositive）。這兩個句子成分多由名詞（代詞）擔(dān)任，同位語通常皆放在其說明的名詞（代詞）之后。This is Miss Chen, our English ，我們的英語老師。My parents both are 。We all like 。第四篇：句子成分一、英語語句基本結(jié)構(gòu)分析： 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動詞不定式，動名詞等。主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！謂語：謂語由動詞構(gòu)成，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We ：賓語位于及物動詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：me，him，them等例：The boy needs a boy，謂語needs(need的第三人稱單數(shù)形式)，賓語a pen. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：主語：同‘主謂賓’結(jié)構(gòu)。聯(lián)系動詞（Link verb)：be動詞（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其他聯(lián)系動詞如：bee成為，turn變成,go變。其特點是聯(lián)系動詞與其后的表語沒有動賓關(guān)系，表語多為形容詞或副詞，既，不可能是賓語。表語：說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、等?？蔀樾稳菰~、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、分詞。當(dāng)聯(lián)系動詞不是be，而其后是名詞和代詞時，多表達‘轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?，注?