【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘你在做什么？2）用于故事的開頭，交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)所描述的動(dòng)作是“正在進(jìn)行”，所以，在這種情景中用“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)”可以給讀者一種“動(dòng)感”，從而能使文章更加生動(dòng)活潑。例如：One night, he was typing in his , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity ….一天晚上，他正在書房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來(lái)，切斷了電源……3)（僅限少數(shù)動(dòng)詞）表示在過(guò)去的未來(lái)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：When National Day was ing near , they began to make a plan for the ，他們開始制訂度假計(jì)劃。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her 。My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that ，他今天要與他的一位客戶一塊兒吃午飯。We left there when it39。s getting ，我們離開了那兒。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示：A）在將來(lái)某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：A）在將來(lái)某時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：You can have a meeting in my office on won39。t be using 。那會(huì)兒我不用它。What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么？It won39。t be long before that we will be making a new puter for more advanced 。I can39。t go to the party 39。ll be seeing off a 。我要給一位朋友送行。B）預(yù)計(jì)、安排即將發(fā)生或勢(shì)必發(fā)生的動(dòng)作： 在這里，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)很接近，但是前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作“按計(jì)劃、安排要發(fā)生；間或也表示委婉、客氣”，而后者只表示“動(dòng)作會(huì)在未來(lái)時(shí)間發(fā)生”。We shall be meeting at the school 。What shall we be doing next ? 我們干什么？ If you don39。t do so , you will be facing great 。Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在這兒呆一會(huì)兒，會(huì)干擾你們嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)對(duì)于初接觸現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種茫然，因?yàn)樗坪跖c一般過(guò)去時(shí)相似。那就是，這兩種時(shí)態(tài)描述的動(dòng)作都始于過(guò)去。其實(shí)不然，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要表示，發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在帶來(lái)的結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則只不過(guò)是表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的什么時(shí)候。弄清了這一區(qū)別，就很容易理解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況： 1）表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作By now, I have collected all the data that I ，我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。She has read 150 pages 。We haven39。t met for many 。They have developed a new 。2）表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來(lái)結(jié)果的動(dòng)作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？She has been to the United 。You have grown much 。3）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he joined the 。They have learned English for eight 。So far we39。ve only discussed the first five 。幾點(diǎn)注意1)一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思，以及它所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。例如：He speaks English.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。）He spoke English when he was in New Zealand.（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。）He is speaking English.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。）He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，這里說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的總和。）He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。）2）在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)；如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：I will not play tennis if it rains would not play tennis if it rained the next )有些動(dòng)詞表示無(wú)法持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，它們一般不宜用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。Be動(dòng)詞若是用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可表示暫時(shí)、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如：Tom is being a good boy 。He is being 。You are not being 。4）“完成時(shí)態(tài)”都表示，不知道也不管動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間, 所以在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里，不可以帶有表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如：yesterday , last week(month , year , etc.), two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副詞連用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。另外，ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里，因?yàn)樗硎緩默F(xiàn)在算起的以前某個(gè)時(shí)間，屬于表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。但是可以用before 來(lái)表示“以前”的意義，因?yàn)樗槐硎尽耙郧啊?，而不知什么時(shí)候的以前。，不可以和以for表示的“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。在這種情況下，應(yīng)該用“It has been … ；since…”的句式來(lái)表達(dá)。如：He has joined the army for five years.（錯(cuò)誤）It has been five years since he joined the army.（正確）★哈佛大學(xué)★英語(yǔ)系研究，美國(guó)布什推薦。專為中第五篇：英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)(初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)對(duì)照表)初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)歸納總結(jié)對(duì)照表初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。通常用“ usually, often, every day, sometimes”。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is 。如：I get up at six every 。如：The earth goes around the 。二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成: 肯定句：1).主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞 be(is, am, are)+名詞（形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)）2).其他主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它 第三人稱單數(shù)+動(dòng)詞s+其它 如：I am a 。We study 。Mary likes 。三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化 否定句：1)主語(yǔ)+ be（is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a 。2)其他主語(yǔ)+do not(don’t)動(dòng)詞原形+其它 I don39。t like bread 第三人稱單數(shù)+does not(doesn’t)動(dòng)詞原形+其它He doesn39。t often ：1)Be（Is,Are）+主語(yǔ)+其它?如：Are you a student? am./ No, I39。m )Do其他主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？ Does+第三人稱單數(shù)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它+？ 注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some— she go to work by bike?Yes, she does./ No, she doesn39。 you often play football?Yes, I do./ No, I don39。：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 often ________(have)dinner at and Tommy _______(be)in Class _______(not watch)TV on _______(not go)to the zoo on they ________(like)the World Cup?二、按照要求改寫句子 watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) likes milk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答) like taking photos in the park.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) es from Canada.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))三、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上) your brother speak English? __________________ he likes going fishing? __________________ likes play games after teachs us don’t do her homework on 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。通常用“now/look/listen”.1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：.肯定句 ： 主語(yǔ)+be（is,am,are）+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing eg: I am(not)doing my (not)(not)：主語(yǔ)+be（is,am,are）+not + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing 一般疑問(wèn)句：Is(Are)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing？ 特殊疑問(wèn)：疑問(wèn)詞+ be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing? 1)一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cookcooking 2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：makemaking, tastetasting 3)如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：runrunning, stopstopping,swim—swimming ：一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： boy __________________(draw)a picture girls _______________(sing)in the mother _________________(cook)some nice food _____ you ______(do)now? _______________(have)an English (wash)clothes? Yes ,she 、句型轉(zhuǎn)換： are doing housework.(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句)2．The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答)3．I’m playing the football in the playground.(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))① ②一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last?”等。1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2．Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化： ⑴am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasn’t）⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=weren’t）⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。：⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí): 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ____