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昨晚八點鐘你在做什么?2)用于故事的開頭,交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。過去進行時所描述的動作是“正在進行”,所以,在這種情景中用“過去進行時”可以給讀者一種“動感”,從而能使文章更加生動活潑。例如:One night, he was typing in his , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity ….一天晚上,他正在書房里打字。突然,一個人闖進屋來,切斷了電源……3)(僅限少數(shù)動詞)表示在過去的未來時間要發(fā)生的動作。例如:When National Day was ing near , they began to make a plan for the ,他們開始制訂度假計劃。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her 。My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that ,他今天要與他的一位客戶一塊兒吃午飯。We left there when it39。s getting ,我們離開了那兒。將來進行時主要表示:A)在將來某時候正在進行的動作;B)預計、安排即將發(fā)生或勢必發(fā)生的動作。例如:A)在將來某時候正在進行的動作:You can have a meeting in my office on won39。t be using 。那會兒我不用它。What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么?It won39。t be long before that we will be making a new puter for more advanced 。I can39。t go to the party 39。ll be seeing off a 。我要給一位朋友送行。B)預計、安排即將發(fā)生或勢必發(fā)生的動作: 在這里,將來進行時與一般將來時很接近,但是前者強調(diào)動作“按計劃、安排要發(fā)生;間或也表示委婉、客氣”,而后者只表示“動作會在未來時間發(fā)生”。We shall be meeting at the school 。What shall we be doing next ? 我們干什么? If you don39。t do so , you will be facing great 。Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在這兒呆一會兒,會干擾你們嗎?現(xiàn)在完成時對于初接觸現(xiàn)在完成時的人來說,往往會產(chǎn)生一種茫然,因為它似乎與一般過去時相似。那就是,這兩種時態(tài)描述的動作都始于過去。其實不然,現(xiàn)在完成時主要表示,發(fā)生在過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù);側(cè)重于這個動作對現(xiàn)在帶來的結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過去時則只不過是表示動作發(fā)生在過去的什么時候。弄清了這一區(qū)別,就很容易理解現(xiàn)在完成時了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況: 1)表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動作By now, I have collected all the data that I ,我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。She has read 150 pages 。We haven39。t met for many 。They have developed a new 。2)表示發(fā)生在過去而對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來結(jié)果的動作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎?She has been to the United 。You have grown much 。3)表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he joined the 。They have learned English for eight 。So far we39。ve only discussed the first five 。幾點注意1)一個句子應該用什么時態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達的意思,以及它所處的語言環(huán)境。例如:He speaks English.(一般現(xiàn)在時,說明動作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。)He spoke English when he was in New Zealand.(一般過去時,說明動作發(fā)生的時間。)He is speaking English.(現(xiàn)在進行時,說明動作正在進行。)He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(現(xiàn)在完成時,這里說明動作的總和。)He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.(現(xiàn)在完成進行時,強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性。)2)在含有時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主從復合句中,如果主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時,那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來時;如果主句的謂語動詞是過去將來時,那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般過去時來表示過去將來時。例如:I will not play tennis if it rains would not play tennis if it rained the next )有些動詞表示無法持續(xù)的動作,它們一般不宜用于進行時態(tài)中。這類動詞常見的有:be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。Be動詞若是用于進行時態(tài),可表示暫時、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如:Tom is being a good boy 。He is being 。You are not being 。4)“完成時態(tài)”都表示,不知道也不管動作發(fā)生的具體時間, 所以在使用現(xiàn)在完成時的句子里,不可以帶有表示具體過去時間的狀語,如:yesterday , last week(month , year , etc.), two weeks ago , in 1999等;但常和有些副詞連用,如: just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。另外,ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子里,因為它表示從現(xiàn)在算起的以前某個時間,屬于表示具體過去時間的狀語。但是可以用before 來表示“以前”的意義,因為它只表示“以前”,而不知什么時候的以前。,不可以和以for表示的“一段時間”的狀語連用。在這種情況下,應該用“It has been … ;since…”的句式來表達。如:He has joined the army for five years.(錯誤)It has been five years since he joined the army.(正確)★哈佛大學★英語系研究,美國布什推薦。專為中第五篇:英語時態(tài)(初中英語動詞時態(tài)歸納總結(jié)對照表)初中英語動詞時態(tài)歸納總結(jié)對照表初中英語時態(tài)專項練習一般現(xiàn)在時。通常用“ usually, often, every day, sometimes”。一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹 一、一般現(xiàn)在時的功能、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is 。如:I get up at six every 。如:The earth goes around the 。二、一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成: 肯定句:1).主語+系動詞 be(is, am, are)+名詞(形容詞,介詞短語)2).其他主語+動詞原形+其它 第三人稱單數(shù)+動詞s+其它 如:I am a 。We study 。Mary likes 。三、一般現(xiàn)在時的變化 否定句:1)主語+ be(is,am,are)+ not +其它。如:He is not a 。2)其他主語+do not(don’t)動詞原形+其它 I don39。t like bread 第三人稱單數(shù)+does not(doesn’t)動詞原形+其它He doesn39。t often :1)Be(Is,Are)+主語+其它?如:Are you a student? am./ No, I39。m )Do其他主語+動詞原形+其它? Does+第三人稱單數(shù)+動詞原形+其它+? 注意:遇I/we—you, my—your, some— she go to work by bike?Yes, she does./ No, she doesn39。 you often play football?Yes, I do./ No, I don39。:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 一般現(xiàn)在時用法專練:一、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。 often ________(have)dinner at and Tommy _______(be)in Class _______(not watch)TV on _______(not go)to the zoo on they ________(like)the World Cup?二、按照要求改寫句子 watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句,作否定回答) likes milk.(改為一般疑問句,作肯定回答) like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問) es from Canada.(對劃線部分提問)三、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方,將正確的寫在橫線上) your brother speak English? __________________ he likes going fishing? __________________ likes play games after teachs us don’t do her homework on 現(xiàn)在進行時。通常用“now/look/listen”.1.現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。2.現(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu):.肯定句 : 主語+be(is,am,are)+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing eg: I am(not)doing my (not)(not):主語+be(is,am,are)+not + 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing 一般疑問句:Is(Are)+主語+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞ing? 特殊疑問:疑問詞+ be + 主語 + 動詞ing? 1)一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cookcooking 2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:makemaking, tastetasting 3)如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:runrunning, stopstopping,swim—swimming :一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞:play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空: boy __________________(draw)a picture girls _______________(sing)in the mother _________________(cook)some nice food _____ you ______(do)now? _______________(have)an English (wash)clothes? Yes ,she 、句型轉(zhuǎn)換: are doing housework.(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)2.The students are cleaning the classroom.(改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)3.I’m playing the football in the playground.(對劃線部分進行提問)① ②一般過去時態(tài) 一般過去時通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last?”等。1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作感謝。2.Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化: ⑴am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)⑵are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)⑶帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。:⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問詞當主語時:疑問詞+動詞過去式?如:Who went to home yesterday? 過去時練習: 寫出下列動詞的過去式 isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ____