【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 clockwise around an , wind power is very unreliable and its strength depends on local weather patterns, temperature, time of year, and addition to this unreliability, wind power equipment is very expensive pared with other energy sources and won39。t bee a viable alternative until we can slash the costs , a “wind farm” requires enormous land clearing to produce significant amounts of ，目前在能源市場(chǎng)中也發(fā)展迅速。風(fēng)能的原理是：風(fēng)通過(guò)驅(qū)動(dòng)渦輪機(jī)葉片按順時(shí)針或逆時(shí)針?lè)较蚶@著一個(gè)軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，從而把轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的力轉(zhuǎn)換成電能。不幸的是，風(fēng)能非常不穩(wěn)定，其強(qiáng)度取決于當(dāng)?shù)氐奶鞖饽Ｊ健囟?、季?jié)以及地域。除了不穩(wěn)定的因素之外，和其他能源相比，風(fēng)能設(shè)備造價(jià)昂貴。除非我們能將其成本大大降低，否則風(fēng)能就不會(huì)成為一個(gè)可行的替代能源。而且，一個(gè)“風(fēng)能農(nóng)場(chǎng)”需要大片空曠的土地才能生產(chǎn)大量能源。Hydroelectric power is another source of clean and renewable can be harnessed by controlling the natural outflow of water with different most popular is through dams, which, unfortunately, are no longer considered environmentally of the hydroelectric dams in the world are historically recent, but all reservoirs eventually will fill up with mud and require very expensive excavation to clear them up to bee useful 。人們可以通過(guò)不同方法來(lái)控制自然水流以進(jìn)行發(fā)電。最普遍的方法是通過(guò)水壩，但不幸的是，建水壩已被認(rèn)為是對(duì)環(huán)境不利的方法了。世界上大多數(shù)用于水力發(fā)電的大壩建造歷史都不長(zhǎng)，但是所有的水庫(kù)最終都會(huì)被淤泥填塞，需要耗資巨大進(jìn)行清淤才能使它們重新得到利用。Biomass energy derived from plant and animal matter is still another renewable source being considered as a standby replacement for fossil waste in the form of dead trees, leaves, animal corpses and food processing waste exists in abundance and can be used to produce , there is no way to ventilate the direct burning of biomass as fuel without diffusing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the gases can pose a risk to the ozone layer, increasing overall exposure of human beings to harmful UV rays from the , it takes time and money to collect and transport biomass in its raw form to a central point for processing into fuel, and the automation of such a process is too , for the time being, biomass has too many costly drawbacks to be a workable alternative to fossil ，且被認(rèn)為是礦物燃料的備用替代品。以死樹(shù)、枯葉、動(dòng)物尸體以及食品加工廢料的形式存在的有機(jī)廢物十分充足，可以被用來(lái)制造能源。然而，將生物質(zhì)作為燃料直接燃燒，通風(fēng)時(shí)必然會(huì)將二氧化碳及其他溫室氣體排放到大氣中。這些氣體會(huì)對(duì)臭氧層造成威脅，增加人們受到來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的有害紫外線照射的危險(xiǎn)。除此以外，將生物質(zhì)以原始形態(tài)進(jìn)行收集，并將它們運(yùn)送到某個(gè)中心站加工處理成燃料，這一過(guò)程既耗時(shí)又耗財(cái)，而且對(duì)這一過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化非常困難。所以，在目前，生物質(zhì)能源有太多高成本方面的缺點(diǎn)，不能成為礦物燃料可行的替代品。Although renewable energies are not yet economically petitive with fossil fuels, their price bees more attractive when pared with the health and environmental costs associated with burning coal and the best solution to our growing energy challenges es in a bulletin from the Union of Concerned Scientists: “Our society39。s future success cannot hinge on one single answer instead must e from a family of diverse energy technologies that share a unified purposethey do not deplete our natural resources or destroy our environment.” Despite the difficulties, it is important to remember that an energy crisis is approaching at supersonic speeds and will soon be upon order to inaugurate a new era in energy, we must act quickly and work toward international collaboration to find the most effective solutions to our energy ，可再生能源沒(méi)有礦物能源有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，但是，與燃燒煤和石油所帶來(lái)的健康及環(huán)境代價(jià)相比，它們的價(jià)格又變得較有吸引力了。也許，對(duì)于日益緊迫的能源挑戰(zhàn)，最好的解決辦法正如“憂思科學(xué)家聯(lián)盟”所出的一份簡(jiǎn)報(bào)上所說(shuō)的那樣：“未來(lái)我們社會(huì)的成功不能依賴于某一單一的解決方案。相反，答案須來(lái)自一系列各種不同的能源技術(shù)。這些技術(shù)有一個(gè)共同目的：它們不會(huì)耗盡我們的自然資源，也不會(huì)破環(huán)我們的環(huán)境?！北M管困難重重，我們需要牢記的是，能源危機(jī)正以超音速逼近，即將來(lái)到我們面前。為了在能源領(lǐng)域開(kāi)創(chuàng)一個(gè)新時(shí)代，我們必須趕快行動(dòng)，努力尋求國(guó)際合作，以找到能源問(wèn)題最有效的解決辦法。A worldwide food crisis 會(huì)有全球糧食危機(jī)嗎？Historically, only local governments worried about a widespread food crisis, but today, a sharp spike in food prices and the resulting food crisis can quickly bee a worldwide droughts along the equator, and in Russia and Ukrainecaused wheat prices to worry the tight supply will cause inflationary fear the skyrocketing grain costs in 2007, which harshly struck the world39。s poor and led to food riots, will ，只有地方政府才會(huì)擔(dān)心大范圍的糧食危機(jī)，而如今，糧食價(jià)格的急劇上漲及由此導(dǎo)致的糧食危機(jī)會(huì)很快成為一種全球現(xiàn)象。最近發(fā)生在赤道沿線、俄羅斯及烏克蘭的干旱使小麥價(jià)格不斷飆升——俄羅斯和烏克蘭兩國(guó)小麥出口總量占世界出口總量的四分之一。許多人擔(dān)心小麥供應(yīng)短缺會(huì)引發(fā)其價(jià)格膨脹，他們害怕 2007 年使世界窮人遭受重創(chuàng)并引發(fā)食品騷亂的飛漲的糧食價(jià)格會(huì)再次出現(xiàn)。Is their fear grounded? Consultancy firms measuring the status of modities like wheat don39。t think of wheat are at sufficiently high levels, and harvest turnout from other big producers like the US is expected to stay unlike in 2007, the supply situation isn39。t desperate, meaning wheat prices should eventually calm down and level ？負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)像小麥這樣的商品現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行評(píng)估的咨詢公司并不這樣認(rèn)為。目前小麥的儲(chǔ)備非常充足，并且，重要農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)國(guó)如美國(guó)等的農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)也有望十分強(qiáng)勁。所以，與 2007 年不同，現(xiàn)在糧食供應(yīng)狀況并不那樣令人絕望，這也意味著小麥價(jià)格最終會(huì)恢復(fù)正常并平穩(wěn)下來(lái)。However, this rosy picture provides only temporary bigger picture discloses a reality not so current prices aren39。t as skyhigh as in the panicked market of 2007, they39。re still at higher levels than before and are likely to stay that Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development sees the average prices of products classified as essential such as grains, vegetable oils, and dairy products rising for the next ，這一美好的畫面只能帶來(lái)短暫的安心。更大的畫面所揭示的現(xiàn)實(shí)不容樂(lè)觀。雖然目前糧食價(jià)格沒(méi)有達(dá)到 2007 年引起恐慌的市場(chǎng)上的那種天價(jià)，但和以前相比，價(jià)格仍然居高不下，而且很有可能維持這樣。經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織認(rèn)為，谷物、植物油和奶制品這些基本食品的平均價(jià)格在未來(lái)十年都將持續(xù)上漲。It doesn39。t take an oracle to foretell that the fight to feed the world will be a huge challenge facing the global economy over the next 20 production is suffering from decades of neglect of agriculture, a period when the sector was starved of the resources and technology it needed to keep up with rising world more and more people are intrigued by the issue and there is a growing global consensus about the need for reform in farming, we39。re really only at the beginning of a long, expensive, process of repairing world agricultural means food prices will stay high over the next several years, as will the risk of dangerous price fluctuations like the current one with 20 年，讓世界上所有人都吃飽飯將是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)所面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)，這一點(diǎn)很明確，不需要通過(guò)行家來(lái)預(yù)言。由于過(guò)去幾十年對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的疏忽，糧食生產(chǎn)受到影響，而這幾十年正是農(nóng)業(yè)這一行業(yè)急需得到資源和技術(shù)支持以滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的世界需求的重要時(shí)期。雖然現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人對(duì)這一問(wèn)題表示出興趣，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)耕作進(jìn)行改革的需要也獲得全球越來(lái)越廣泛的認(rèn)同，但事實(shí)上，在修復(fù)全球農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)這樣一項(xiàng)耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)、代價(jià)高的工作中，我們還只處于起步階段。這也意味著，糧食價(jià)格在未來(lái)幾年會(huì)居高不下，正如目前小麥價(jià)格波動(dòng)所帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)居高不下一樣。Food isn39。t like garments or other products traded on world issue of food is filled with uncertainty in food markets will animate people to act when they would otherwise remain co