【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:(錯(cuò))This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(錯(cuò))I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(對(duì))This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.(對(duì))I39。ll never forget the days(which)I spent in the where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞。先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。例如:(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?(對(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held? 從句結(jié)構(gòu)定語(yǔ)從句公式：定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句 先行詞：指被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用: ①連接作用，連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句。②指代先行詞。③在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。注:關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)之分。一般who做主語(yǔ)或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(yǔ)(whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略)，whose作為定語(yǔ)(whose不可省略)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(where)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(when)，原因狀語(yǔ)(why)。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。who, which, that 限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞 作主語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)、作定語(yǔ)指人：who/that、whom/that(可省略)、whose 指物：which/that、which/that(可省略)、whose 指人和物 ：that 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞：作主語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)、作定語(yǔ) 指人：who、whom、whose/of whom 指物：which、which、whose/of which 特殊情況: 只能用that的情況：先行詞為everything，all，little，much等不定代詞時(shí)。先行詞被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修飾時(shí)。先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last修飾時(shí)。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。先行詞是be的表語(yǔ)或there be 的主語(yǔ)時(shí)。先行詞有人又有物時(shí)。當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。不能用that的情況 介詞前置時(shí)。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中 先行詞本身是that多用who，不用that的情況 先行詞為anyone，one，ones時(shí)。先行詞為those，he和people時(shí)。這些詞代替指人，whom在定語(yǔ)從句中指人，“who”和“that”既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可以省略,who作賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)閣hom)，that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。在從句中所起作用如下:(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見(jiàn)你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))(2)He is the man(whom/that)I saw 。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English 。(whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ))注:who在定語(yǔ)從句中指人，作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。做及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，可省略。2,which，that 用來(lái)指物(有六種情況只可用that而不用which)(用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略)，例如:(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the 。(which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))(2)The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to e 。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))注:which在定語(yǔ)從句中指物，可作主語(yǔ)或及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。that在定語(yǔ)從句中既可指人又可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom，指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不可提到that前，當(dāng)介詞提前時(shí)，需要用which或whom來(lái)代替。whose(只用作定語(yǔ))“whose”表示誰(shuí)(可以為人也可以為物)的(東西)例:A child whose parents are dead is called an 。(“whose parents”表示那個(gè)孩子的雙親)He lives in a room whose window faces 。(“whose”表示那個(gè)房子的窗戶(hù))關(guān)系代詞:在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。，“which”代表事物。它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略“that”在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略關(guān)系詞，“which”在從句省略。[eg:This is the book(which)you want.] “不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ)，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前面，但有的則放在它前面的位置。c)被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。既有人又有物時(shí)。e)整個(gè)句中前面已有“which”，“why”時(shí)關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ) 關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞 why=for which where=in/ at/ on which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/ on/ in/……1.“where”是關(guān)系副詞，當(dāng)然也不用“that”引導(dǎo)。By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two ，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。I still remember the place where I met her for the first 。Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush ，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他東西。, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí)，常用“there is”開(kāi)頭。There is somebody here who wants to talk to 。分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。why 關(guān)系副詞why主要用于修飾表原因的名詞(主要是the reason)，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作原因狀語(yǔ)。如: We don39。t know the reason why he didn39。t show 。She didn39。t tell me the reason why she refused the 。與關(guān)系副詞when和where不同，why可以換成that或省略。如: That39。s one of the reasons(why, that)I asked you to 。另外，與關(guān)系副詞when和where可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不一樣，why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如: 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。誤:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he :The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.(同位語(yǔ)從句)when 關(guān)系副詞when主要用于修飾表時(shí)間的名詞，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如: There es a time when you have to make a 。Gone are the days when they could do what they 。We39。ll put off the piic until next week, when the weather may be ，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。注意不要一見(jiàn)到先行詞為時(shí)間名詞，就以為一定要用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)還要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分如果在定語(yǔ)從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，就用when。如果在定語(yǔ)從句中不是用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而是用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如: Don39。t forget the time(that, which)I39。ve told 。關(guān)系代詞that / which在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞told的賓語(yǔ)，正因?yàn)槭怯米髻e語(yǔ)，所以也可以省略。where 關(guān)系副詞where主要用于修飾表地點(diǎn)的名詞，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如: This is the village where he was 。That39。s the hotel where we were staying last 。Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a ，每天得坐公共汽車(chē)去上班。與前面when的情況一樣，注意不要一見(jiàn)到先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞，就以為一定要用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)還要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分如果在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，就用where。如果在定語(yǔ)從句中不是用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，而是用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如: He works in a factory that [which] makes TV 。限定性 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 意義: 限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整，例如I met some one who said he knows ，that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which,at which,for which或on which(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have ，這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處。(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike ，而他恰恰與我相反。(3)We arrived the day that(on which)they 。在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。(1)The book(that/ which)I am reading is very 。(2)Is there anything(that)you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? 非限定性 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 意義: 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，如(1)The house,which I bought has a lovely 。(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very 。, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，例如:(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets ，這使我心煩。(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called ，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。，有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞，若as在從句中作主語(yǔ)，其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。例如:(1)The boy has as much progress as we had ，這個(gè)男孩取得了大的進(jìn)步。(2)As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long ，中國(guó)是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國(guó)家。，不能用從句做主語(yǔ)(1)The boys，who are playing football，are from Class 。(2)I helped an old man，who lost his way，我?guī)椭艘粋€(gè)迷路的老人。關(guān)系一、先行詞和關(guān)系詞1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(“what”可以用“all that”代替)但這兩句句子已經(jīng)不是定語(yǔ)從句了，是名詞性從句。因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句一定要有先行詞，而名詞性從句沒(méi)有。將“Whoever”、“what”分別用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞分別是“Anyone”、“all”。Alice received an invitation from her boss,______ came as a 答案C。a選項(xiàng)it，使前后成為兩個(gè)句子，中間無(wú)連詞連接，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。b項(xiàng)tha