【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 。一般以分詞或者形容詞開(kāi)頭。Present 到/出席“Present” refers to “in attendance”.Delegates who are in presence are required to raise up their placards and answer “Present” when their countries39。 names are called during the roll need to send pages to the dais to inform their attendance if they didn39。t arrive at the conference on special mittees consisting of delegates with rights to vote and those without, delegates need to announce “Present and Voting” or “Present” according to the procedure.“到”即為“出席”。當(dāng)國(guó)家名在點(diǎn)名中被點(diǎn)到時(shí)，代表需高舉國(guó)家牌并回答“到”。如果代表未及時(shí)出席，需到場(chǎng)后用意向條告知主席團(tuán)。在一些特殊的委員會(huì)中，只有部分代表有權(quán)投票。在此情況下，有權(quán)投票的代表在點(diǎn)名中需回答“出席并投票”，其他代表只需回答“到”即可。Procedural Questions 程序性問(wèn)題關(guān)于一個(gè)委員會(huì)運(yùn)行方式的問(wèn)題，與和議題相關(guān)的問(wèn)題相反。所有出席會(huì)議的代表都必須就程序性問(wèn)題投票而不能棄權(quán)。Having to do with the way a mittee runs, as opposed to the topic being delegates present must vote on procedural matters and may not 法定人數(shù)The minimum number of delegates needed to be present for a mittee to the General Assembly, a quorum consists of one third of the members to begin debate, and a majority of members to pass a the Security Council, no quorum exists for the body to debate, but more than nine members must be present to pass a 。在聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)，開(kāi)始討論的法定人數(shù)為成員的三分之一，通過(guò)決議則需要半數(shù)以上。在安理會(huì)沒(méi)有開(kāi)始討論的法定人數(shù)，但是必須有9個(gè)以上成員出席才能通過(guò)一個(gè)決議。Rapporteur 主席助理A member of the dais whose duties include keeping the speakers39。 list and taking the roll 。Resolution 決議A document that has been passed by an organ of the UN that aims to address a particular problem or the UN, a resolution is the equivalent of a 。在聯(lián)合國(guó)相當(dāng)于法律。Right of Reply 答辯權(quán)A right to speak in reply to a previous speaker39。s ment, invoked when a delegate feels personally insulted by another39。s generally requires a written note to the Chair to be ，當(dāng)代表覺(jué)得個(gè)人受到其他代表發(fā)言的羞辱時(shí)采用。一般需要給主席一個(gè)書(shū)面的短簽。Robert39。s Rules of Order 羅伯特議事規(guī)則After General Henry brought the publication of Pocket Manual of Rules of Order to the ordinary societies in 1876, Robert Rules of Order has been recognized as a timetested method of conducting business at meetings and public gatherings in world can be adapted to fit the needs of any , Robert39。s Rules of Order newly revised is the basic handbook of operation for most clubs, organizations and other groups including Model United ，由羅伯特將軍編撰的《羅伯特議事規(guī)則》已成為世界上最廣受承認(rèn)的議事規(guī)則標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也是模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)規(guī)則流程制定的藍(lán)本。無(wú)論對(duì)于議事專家、還是新上任的協(xié)會(huì)主席來(lái)說(shuō)，它都是高效、有序、公平的會(huì)議的有力保障。Roll Call 點(diǎn)名Roll call is the first order of business in a Model UN mittee, during which the Rapporteur reads aloud the names of each member state in the a delegate39。s country39。s name is called, he or she may respond “present” or “present and voting.” A delegate responding “present and voting” may not abstain on a substantive ，其間會(huì)務(wù)報(bào)告人會(huì)大聲讀出委員會(huì)中每一個(gè)成員國(guó)的名稱。當(dāng)國(guó)家名被叫到的時(shí)候，代表需要回答“出席”或者“出席并投票”，回答“出席并投票”的代表在后面的實(shí)體性投票中不能棄權(quán)。Roll Call Vote 唱名表決The special voting procedure to draft resolution is roll call the roll call, delegates may vote for yes, no or abstain on each draft mittee will only pass one draft resolutionon each draft resolutions will not be voted as long as one has been 。主席團(tuán)首先點(diǎn)名確認(rèn)到場(chǎng)的國(guó)家代表，隨后被點(diǎn)到國(guó)家名的代表需表決贊成、反對(duì)或棄權(quán)。對(duì)于一個(gè)議題，一個(gè)委員會(huì)只能通過(guò)一個(gè)決議草案，一旦有一份決議草案獲得通過(guò)，將不會(huì)再對(duì)未表決的決議草案進(jìn)行投票。Rules of procedure 議事規(guī)則The rules by which a Model UN mittee is 。Second 附議Second is to agree with a motion being motions must be seconded before they are brought to a 。很多動(dòng)議必須有附議才能投票表決。Secretariat 秘書(shū)處Secretariat is the organ in charge of conference affairs。normally it consists of Director of Academics, Liaison(Delegate Coordinator), Director of Logistics, Director of Technology ，主要負(fù)責(zé)模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議的學(xué)術(shù)及會(huì)務(wù)組織工作，通常由學(xué)術(shù)總監(jiān)、代表聯(lián)系人、會(huì)務(wù)總監(jiān)、技術(shù)總監(jiān)等人員組成。Secretary General 秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)The supreme leader of the Model UN conference, in charge of the secretariat and ，掌控組委會(huì)及主席團(tuán)的各項(xiàng)工作。Signatory 附議國(guó)A country that wishes a draft resolution to be put on the floor and signs the draft resolution to acplish signatory need not support a resolution。it only wants it to be , Model UN conferences require some minimum number of sponsors and signatories for a draft resolution to be 。附議國(guó)并不一定支持此決議，而只是希望能夠得到討論。通常，模聯(lián)會(huì)議對(duì)通過(guò)一個(gè)決議草案有最低起草國(guó)和附議國(guó)數(shù)量的要求。Simple Majority 簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)50% plus one to the number of delegates in a is the amount needed to pass most %加1的代表人數(shù)。大多數(shù)投票所需要的人數(shù)。Speakers39。 List 發(fā)言名單A list that determines the order in which delegates will a new topic is opened for discussion, the Chair will create a speakers39。 list by asking all delegates wishing to speak to raise their placards and calling on them one at a debate, a delegate may indicate that he or she wishes to be added to the speakers39。 list by sending a note to the 。任何時(shí)候只要一個(gè)新的議題開(kāi)始討論，主席都會(huì)要求所有愿意發(fā)言的代表舉起國(guó)家牌,然后以逐一念出國(guó)家名的方式建立一個(gè)發(fā)言名單。在討論中，代表可以隨時(shí)向主席團(tuán)傳遞意向條要求把自己加入發(fā)言名單。Speaking Time 發(fā)言時(shí)間The time of public speaking in formal debate usually refers to the time for each delegate in the speakers39。 。Two Thirds Majority 三分之二多數(shù)A two thirds majority in parliamentary procedure requires at least two thirds of the entire membership(as two thirds of those present and voting)vote in is usually used when the mittee is voting on draft resolutions or draft 。三分之二多數(shù)一般用于決議草案與指令草案的表決。Unmoderated Caucus 自由磋商A type of caucus in which delegates leave their seats to mingle and speak the free sharing of ideas to an extent which is not possible in formal debate or even a moderated used to sort countries into blocs and to write working papers and draft 。使在正式辯論和有主持核心磋商過(guò)程中程度上達(dá)不到的自由交換意見(jiàn)成為可能。經(jīng)常在組成國(guó)家集團(tuán)及寫(xiě)作工作文件和決議草案的時(shí)候采用。非友好修正案Unfriendly AmendmentAn unfriendly amendment is a change that some or all of the draft resolution39。s sponsors do not support and must be voted upon by the author(s)of the amendment will need to obtain a required number of signatories in order to introduce it(usually 20 percent of the mittee).Prior to voting on the draft resolution, the mittee votes on all unfriendly sponsor of the draft resolution can not bee the sponsor nor signatories to an unfriendly amendment, while the signatories of the draft resolution may sign ，該修正案即成為非友好修正案。非友好修正案需要征集到與會(huì)代表的20%作為附議國(guó)簽名，才可以向大會(huì)主席提交。原決議草案的起草國(guó)不能成為非友好修正案的起草國(guó)或附議國(guó)，原決議草案的附議國(guó)則可以簽署非友好修正案。Veto 否決權(quán)The ability, held by China, France, the Russian