【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 米染色體上。 MuS 中， 8 個(gè)染色體區(qū)段存在環(huán)境頓感 QTL（即在該區(qū)域中存在的 QTL在不同環(huán)境中均能被檢測(cè)到），位于第 10 染色體上； MoS 中， 10 個(gè)染色體區(qū)段存在環(huán)境頓感 QTL，位于第 10 染色體上。兩個(gè)群體共檢測(cè)到 5 個(gè)花色苷含量“一致性 QTL”，位于 , , , 和 。控制不同性狀的 QTL 有成簇分布的現(xiàn)象，主要表現(xiàn)在第 6 和第 10 染色體， 和 區(qū)域內(nèi)幾乎包含控制所有花色苷 含量相關(guān)性狀的 QTL，且大多數(shù) QTL 對(duì)表型的貢獻(xiàn)率大于 10%，因此認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)染色體區(qū)段存在控制花色苷含量相關(guān)性狀的主效基因。 玉米籽粒和穗軸中 Fe、 Zn 含量的 QTL 定位 摘要 III 共檢測(cè)到 32 個(gè)與籽粒和穗軸中 Fe、 Zn 含量相關(guān)的 QTL，重慶和云南兩個(gè)環(huán)境中分別檢測(cè)到 17 個(gè)和 15 個(gè)。在 MuS 和 MoS 中分別發(fā)現(xiàn) 3 個(gè)和 4 個(gè)染色體區(qū)域存在環(huán)境鈍感 QTL，位于第 10 染色體上。兩個(gè)群體檢測(cè)到的 QTL 在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖譜（ IBM2 20xx Neighbors Frame6）上進(jìn)行整合，結(jié)果表明位于第 9 三條染色體上的 QTL 在兩個(gè)群體中均能檢測(cè)到，而且位置和效應(yīng)高度一致。位于這三條染色體上的控制不同性狀的 QTL 有成簇分布的現(xiàn)象，主要表現(xiàn)在第 2 染色體上檢測(cè)到的 QTL 同時(shí)與 ZnK, ZnC, FeK 和 FeC 有關(guān)，第 9 染色體上檢測(cè)到的 QTL 同時(shí)與 Znk, FeK 和 FeC 有關(guān)，第 7 染色體上檢測(cè)到的 QTL 同時(shí)與 ZnK 和 ZnC 有關(guān)，成簇分布的 QTL 可能是緊密連鎖也可能是一因多效的同一 QTL，從遺傳學(xué)的層面解釋了不同性狀間表型的相關(guān)性。 玉米籽粒中的花色苷含量主效基因 AC6 的 精細(xì)定位 及候選基因預(yù)測(cè) 在 MuSBC4F2 和 MoSBC4F2 中，分別用 6 對(duì)和 7 對(duì)多態(tài)性 SSR 標(biāo)記構(gòu)建了目標(biāo) QTL區(qū)段的遺傳連鎖圖譜，結(jié)合籽粒中的花色苷含量，對(duì)第 6 染色體上控制玉米籽?；ㄉ蘸康闹餍?QTL（命名為 AC6）進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證，兩個(gè)群體中分別將其進(jìn)一步定位到了標(biāo)記區(qū)間umc1857umc1014 和 umc1979umc1014。在該區(qū)段內(nèi)自行設(shè)計(jì) SSR 標(biāo)記，將 AC6 精細(xì)定位在了 SSR 標(biāo)記 S8 和 umc1014 之間，這兩個(gè)標(biāo)記位于 區(qū)的 ctg280 上，兩者之間物理距離518Kb。該區(qū)間的相應(yīng)位置存在一個(gè) （ PL transcription factor）血紅素加氧酶基因，參與玉米色素調(diào)節(jié)。為了確定 是否是候選基因，設(shè)計(jì)了 1 對(duì)引物對(duì) BC4F2 世代中目的性狀對(duì)應(yīng)的極端株系 （目標(biāo)表型與 SDM 最一致的株系視為目標(biāo)性狀的“突變體” （ SDMm） ，與 木 6 或 Mo17 性狀一致的視為“野生型” （ SDMw） ） 的 基因進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增、測(cè)序。測(cè)序結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，該基因的堿基序列未發(fā)生任何變化。推測(cè)該突變性狀可能是由其它基因發(fā)生突變或者是由該基因啟動(dòng)子序列發(fā)生突變?cè)斐伞? 玉米籽粒中的花色苷含量主效基因 AC10 的驗(yàn)證和進(jìn)一步準(zhǔn)確定位 在 MuSBC4F2 群體中，加大標(biāo)記密度，構(gòu)建了包含 7 對(duì) SSR 標(biāo)記的目標(biāo)區(qū)段遺傳連鎖圖譜，結(jié)合基因型和表型，對(duì)第 10 染色體上的另一個(gè)與玉米籽粒中花色苷含量相關(guān)的主效 QTL（命名為 AC10）進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步定位。葉脈顏色檢測(cè)到了兩個(gè) QTL 位點(diǎn)，分別位于標(biāo)記區(qū)間IDP7852IIDP8526 和 S44bnlg1028 內(nèi)，葉耳顏色檢測(cè)到了一個(gè) QTL，位于區(qū)間 S44bnlg1028內(nèi)。籽?；ㄉ蘸繘](méi)有檢測(cè)到 QTL，可見(jiàn)第 10 染色體上的基因不能單獨(dú)控制玉米籽?；ㄉ盏暮?。目的基因所在染色體區(qū)段內(nèi)，很難找到親本多態(tài)性標(biāo)記。因此 ，要想在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì) AC10 開展進(jìn)一步的精細(xì)定位，找到足夠的多態(tài)性標(biāo)記是關(guān)鍵。 西南大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文 IV AC6 和 AC10 的上位性互作研究 通過(guò)對(duì) BC4F2 雙片段聚合系基因型和表型的分析，以及對(duì)兩個(gè)基因加性、顯性和上位性的估算結(jié)果，表明 AC6 和 AC10 單座位 QTL 的加性效應(yīng)和顯性效應(yīng)都較小， AC6 單座位的加性效應(yīng)和顯性效應(yīng)相對(duì)較大。 AC10 單獨(dú)存在時(shí)對(duì)增大玉米籽粒中的花色苷含量沒(méi)有顯著作用。當(dāng) AC6 和 AC10 同時(shí)存在時(shí)，兩個(gè)基因會(huì)發(fā)生互作，使得玉米籽粒中的花色苷含量大大提高。 關(guān)鍵詞： 玉米 ； 花色苷含量 ； 鐵（ Fe）含量；鋅（ Zn）含量； QTL 初步定位； QTL 精細(xì)定位；上位性分析 Abstract V QTL analysis of anthocyaninrelated traits and Fe and Zn concentrationassociated traitsand fine mapping and analyzing epistatic gene effects of two genes AC6 and AC10 that controls anthocyanin content in maize(zea mays L)kernel . Candidate:HongniQin Supervisor: Prof. YilinCai Abstract Maize(zea mays L) is an important kind of grain crop which covers the biggest area in China with widest distribution in the world. With living standars improvement and diet adjustments, pople have more and more demands on nutrient quality of maize. The functional quality of maize plays a significant rule to prevent diseases and promote the health of human body. Black (purple) maize is a good source of anthocyanins and microelements, which could be regarded as an excellent material for geic and metabolic research of anthocyanin, iron and zinc. Exploration of intrinsic geic law on molecular level for biosynthesis of anthocyanin and homeostasis of microelement could provide references and useful guidance for black maize future applications in medicine, cosmetics and other fields. A newly blackmaize inbred line SDM (Super Dark Maize) bred by Maize Research Institute of Southwest Univercity was used as a mon male parent to cross with Mu6 (white kernel) and Mo17 (yellow kernel) respectively. Four datasets from two F2:3 populations (MuSF2:3 and MoSF2:3) and two environments (Chongqing and Yunnan) were used to analyze the QTLs for 15 anthocyaninrelated traits and 4 Fe and Zn conventrationsssociated mapping and analyzing epistatic gene effects of two genens AC6 and AC10 that controls anthocyanin content in maize kernel was conducted based on the preliminary QTL mapping. We expect providing basis and useful guidance for further study of biosynthesis of anthocyanin and homeostasis of microelement. The main results were as follows: 1. Phenotype performance of anthocyaninrelated traits for F2:3 families and 西南大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文 VI their parents The colors of kernel, cob, auricle, leaf vein, leaf sheath, anther and anthercape of male parent SDM were all daker (dark purple) than female parents Mu6 and Mo17, and the anthocyanin, melanin, total phenolic contents of SDM kernel and cob were also statistically higher than Mu6 and Mo17. There were no significant difference in flavonoid content between SDM and Mu6/Mo17. All traits of F2:3 families continuously segregated but not normally distributed with higer kurtosis and skewness, which indicated that all traits were quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlled by bination with multiplegene and maior gene. The heritabilities of all traits were more than . In both F2:3 populations, most of traits had significant positive correlation to each other. 2. Phenotype performance of Fe, Zn concentraitionrelated traits for F2:3 families and their parents There were highly significant differences between two parents in ZnK, FeK, ZnC and FeC in two populations. In MuS population, ZnK of SDM was highly significantly higher than Mu6, whereas ZnC, FeK, FeC of SDM were highly significantly lower than Mu6. In MoS population, ZnK, ZnC and FeK of SDM were highly significantly higher than Mo17, whereas FeC of SDM was highly significantly lower than Mo17. The frequency distributions of the four traits showed continuous phenotypic variation, but all four traits were not normally distributed. The heritability of FeK (﹤ ) was lower than the heritability of other three traits (﹥ ). There existed significant or highly significant positive correlations between ZnK and FeK, ZnC and FeC, whereas ZnK and FeK did not significantly correlate to ZnC and FeC. 3. Linkage map construction for the two F2 populations For MuS population, 160 polymorphism markers were used to develop the geic map. These SSR loci were mapped on 13 linkage groups cover