【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 是迄今為止最有希望解決汽車能源短缺問(wèn)題的動(dòng)力源。燃料電池具有高效無(wú)污染的特性，不同于其他蓄電池，其不需要充電，只要外部不斷地供給燃料，就能連續(xù)穩(wěn)定地發(fā)電。燃料電池汽車(FCEV)具有可與內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車媲美的動(dòng)力性能，在排放、燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面明顯優(yōu)于內(nèi)燃機(jī)車輛。外文翻譯隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和電子產(chǎn)品不斷開級(jí)換代，電動(dòng)汽車技術(shù)也在日趨成熟與完善，使得駕駛更安全、方便、靈活、舒適。電動(dòng)汽車真正能夠與傳統(tǒng)的燃油汽車相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，今后汽車市場(chǎng)終會(huì)被電動(dòng)汽車和智能汽車所取代。這只是時(shí)間性的問(wèn)題這一天終究會(huì)來(lái)到的。ABS、GPS、4WS、4WD以及各種新時(shí)代的電子產(chǎn)品與現(xiàn)代高性能汽車默契組合、絕妙搭配，帶給我們無(wú)與倫比的精準(zhǔn)駕駛舒適性和行駛安全性。以AVR 單片機(jī)為核心, 提出了一種智能探測(cè)小車的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案。系統(tǒng)可以預(yù)先設(shè)定小車的行走路線, 能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)小車與計(jì)算機(jī)之間的無(wú)線通訊, 通過(guò)超聲測(cè)物和紅外測(cè)障電路使小車安全行走。另外, 系統(tǒng)通過(guò)JTAG 接口在線調(diào)試程序。軟件設(shè)計(jì)中采用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)自學(xué)習(xí), 。基于AVR 系列單片機(jī)，并應(yīng)用積分分離技術(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)離散PI 調(diào)節(jié)器，輸出PWM 控制信號(hào)，建立驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的速度伺服控制系統(tǒng)。使用AVR － GCC 編譯軟件開發(fā)伺服系統(tǒng)軟件，設(shè)定速度采樣頻率為2KHz，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電機(jī)速度的實(shí)時(shí)控制。與基于51 系列單片機(jī)開發(fā)的伺服系統(tǒng)相比，本系統(tǒng)所需的外圍電路更簡(jiǎn)單，數(shù)據(jù)處理速度更快。實(shí)現(xiàn)了機(jī)器人響應(yīng)快速，移動(dòng)平穩(wěn)。該伺服系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)尤其適用于智能移動(dòng)機(jī)器人，還可以廣泛應(yīng)用于其它智能設(shè)備和生產(chǎn)線。提出了一種基于AVR 單片機(jī)Atmega8 為核心控制器的比賽機(jī)器人控制系統(tǒng),通過(guò)比賽機(jī)器人的特征分析,闡述了構(gòu)成控制系統(tǒng)所需的主控單元、電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)單元、傳感檢測(cè)單元及LCD 顯示單元,其中詳細(xì)分析了以MCBL3006S 為核心的伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)單元,以及關(guān)系比賽機(jī)器人基本功能實(shí)現(xiàn)的循線傳感系統(tǒng)及避障傳感系統(tǒng),并給出部分程序。最后通過(guò)實(shí)踐表明,該控制系統(tǒng)開放性好、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、編程容易、智能并高效。智能車的避障規(guī)則，通過(guò)對(duì)紅外傳感器的信息進(jìn)行采集,使用二極管D1 發(fā)射紅外線，二極管D2 接收紅外信號(hào)。紅外線發(fā)射部分不設(shè)專門的信號(hào)發(fā)生電路，直接從單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)鐘頻率，既簡(jiǎn)化了線路和調(diào)試工作，又能使電路的穩(wěn)定性和抗干擾能力大大加強(qiáng)。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，該系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行可靠，達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求。介紹一種基于CCD 攝像頭的路徑識(shí)別的智能車控制系統(tǒng), 設(shè)計(jì)了硬件結(jié)構(gòu)與方案, 提出了轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的控制策略, 該智能車能準(zhǔn)確實(shí)現(xiàn)自主尋跡, 具備抗干擾性極強(qiáng), 穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差小等特點(diǎn)。外文翻譯智能車系統(tǒng)，包括傳感器信息采集與處理、電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)、控制算法及控制策略等方面。采用激光傳感器采集道路信息并反饋給單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析處理，通過(guò)速度反饋和PID 算法控制舵機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)向和智能車速度。通過(guò)實(shí)際運(yùn)行驗(yàn)證，本方法使智能車運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、可靠,，得到比較理想的效果。為了綜合利用控制、模式識(shí)別、傳感器技術(shù)、汽車電子、電氣、計(jì)算機(jī)、機(jī)械等專業(yè)領(lǐng)域知識(shí), 設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)基于PID 控制算法, CCD 檢測(cè)系統(tǒng), 并采用H C9SDG128 單片機(jī)作為主控芯片的智能車系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)使用Codewar rio r IDE 集成開發(fā)環(huán)境作為程序設(shè)計(jì)的基本軟件平臺(tái), 能利用攝像頭自動(dòng)識(shí)別路況, 進(jìn)行圖像處理, 進(jìn)而調(diào)整方向沿預(yù)定軌道前行, 具有很強(qiáng)的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性、快速性、擴(kuò)展性。以“飛思卡爾”杯智能車大賽為研究背景，開發(fā)了一種智能循跡小車。該小車采用光電傳感器檢測(cè)路徑，獲得賽道信息，求出小車與黑線間的偏差，采用模糊控制對(duì)小車的速度進(jìn)行控制，使小車能夠自動(dòng)跟隨直道和彎道。實(shí)踐表明，采用模糊控制的智能小車在路徑識(shí)別的精準(zhǔn)度，穩(wěn)定性，及速度控制上具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。第二篇：智能機(jī)器人外文翻譯Robot Robot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, microelectronics and puter, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are e into practicality use of robot products not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so plex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy the rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly: With the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal，The lacunaris plastic is an effective basement for active bacteria adhesion for sewage abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for the plastic producing with automation and high , it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and plex of mechanical configuration, electronic, software and this article, the mechanical configuration bines the character of direction coordinate and the arthrosis coordinate which can improve the stability and operation flexibility of the main function of the transmission mechanism is to transmit power to implement department and plete the necessary this transmission structure, the screw transmission mechanism transmits the rotary motion into linear gear can give vary transmission of the transmission mechanisms have a characteristic of pact design of drive system often is limited by the environment condition and the factor of cost and technical lever.39。The step motor can receive digital signal directly and has the ability to response outer environment immediately and has no accumulation error, which often is used in driving this driving system, openloop control system is posed of stepping motor, which can satisfy the demand not only for control precision but also for the target of economic and this basis, the analysis of stepping motor in power calculating and style selecting is also analysis of kinematics and dynamics for object holding manipulator is given in pleting the design of mechanical structure and drive analysis is the basis of path programming and track positive and reverse analysis of manipulator gives the relationship between manipulator space and drive space in position and relationship between manipulator’s tip position and arthrosis angles is concluded by coordinate transform geometry method is used in solving inverse kinematics problem and the result will provide theory evidence for control f0unction of dynamics is to get the relationship between the movement and force and the target is to satisfy the demand of real time this chamfer, NewtonEuripides method is used in analysis dynamic problem of the cleaning robot and the arthrosis force and torque are given which provide the foundation for step motor selecting and structure dynamic optimal system is the key and core part of the object holding manipulator system design which will direct effect the reliability and practicality of the robot system in the division of configuration and control function and also will effect or limit the development cost and the demand of the PCL839 card, the PC puter which has structure and is easy to be extended is used as the principal puter cell and takes the function of system initialization, data operation and dispose, step motor drive and erro