【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 有味道”。而正確的譯文應(yīng)為：“上級(jí)公務(wù)員行賄受賄, 下級(jí)公務(wù)員也會(huì)效仿，這叫： 上行下效(或上梁不正下梁歪)?！鄙闲邢滦Щ蛏狭翰徽铝和岫际菨h語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ), 寓意深刻, 能夠較好地對(duì)接‘Fish begins to stink at the head.’中的文化內(nèi)涵。結(jié)語(yǔ)本文通過(guò)地理、宗教、生活習(xí)慣和習(xí)俗、以及在詞義聯(lián)想和文化意象四方面對(duì)漢英翻譯的關(guān)系，初步地了解漢英文化差異對(duì)英語(yǔ)翻譯的影響。我們可以看到，文化的差異給詞語(yǔ)的表達(dá)打上了深深的文化烙印，語(yǔ)言承載豐富的文化內(nèi)涵。而翻譯不僅要力求語(yǔ)言意義上的等值，而且更重要的是文化意義上的等值。要想翻譯出完美的作品，譯者就必須在理解詞的內(nèi)涵上下功夫，深入了解譯出語(yǔ)和譯入語(yǔ)之間的文化差異，對(duì)譯文做出綜合判斷，選擇合適的翻譯技巧，只有把文化和語(yǔ)言能力有機(jī)結(jié)合，才能做好翻譯工作。參考文獻(xiàn)⑴,2004(6):99.⑵,2011(3):54 ⑶(12):45第四篇：英語(yǔ)中英翻譯exclusive privileges 獨(dú)有的特權(quán)better off 更好的national ine 國(guó)民收入business investment expenditure 企業(yè)投資支出 replacement cost 重置成本shortdistance distribution 短途配送 downtown business district 市中心商業(yè)區(qū) checkout counter 結(jié)賬柜臺(tái) the required reserve 準(zhǔn)備金 selfsufficient 自給自足的 shopping centre 購(gòu)物中心 knowhow 專有技術(shù)floating captial流動(dòng)資本 economies of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)talk show 談話節(jié)目viewer demographics 觀眾人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù) the peculiar powers 獨(dú)特的力量 foreigntrade zones 對(duì)外貿(mào)易區(qū) investment demand 投資需求 outlying villages 偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊 advertising media 廣告媒體 a change in situation 形式的變化 captial equipment 資本設(shè)備原材料Raw material 產(chǎn)品統(tǒng)一條形碼 The unified product bar code 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化集裝箱Standard container 貿(mào)易差額Balance of trade 名勝古跡historical interest 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)Scale economy 壟斷性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)Monopolistic petition 補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易Compensation trade 赤字 in the red 原始資本積累 Primitive accumulation of capital無(wú)形貿(mào)易Invisible trade 定期存款賬戶Deposit account 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)Market economy 商業(yè)銀行Commercial Bank 生產(chǎn)資料The means of production 文明世界The civilized world 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Infrastructure 額外儲(chǔ)備金The extra reserves 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)Insurance premium 直接稅Direct tax 醫(yī)療設(shè)備 Medical device 人造絲Artificial silk 批量生產(chǎn)Batch production 攜手合作Work together 壟斷性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)Monopolistic petition 在和平時(shí)期In times of peace 保險(xiǎn)單Insurance policy 成本效益Cost effectiveness 提單 bill of lading 財(cái)政危機(jī)Financial crisis 人際關(guān)系Interpersonal relationship 每隔幾分鐘 every free minutes 保守秘密Keep a secret 國(guó)家稅務(wù)State Taxation 生活方式 Way of life 兩份報(bào)紙 two copies of newspaper一塊肥皂 a bar of soap一件家具 a piece of furniture一把剪刀 a pair of scissors丟棄 throw away陷入困境 get into trouble工業(yè)產(chǎn)品 industrial goods農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 agriculture goods一輩子一次性的收獲 a oneinalifetime acquisition沒(méi)有出路的工作 a deadend job付一大筆錢 pay good money過(guò)時(shí) be out of fashion流行 be in the fashion批量生產(chǎn) massproduction降低成本 lower the cost在起作用 be at work物美價(jià)廉的產(chǎn)品 better quality products at good values所得稅 ine tax投放市場(chǎng) put on the market小批量 in limited quantities大量地 in large quantities要求 ask for下降 go down從商go into business努力做某事 strive to do medical device劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品 inferior products一條面包 a loaf of bread溫和寬容的 easygoing人造絲 artificial silk假牙 artificial teeth對(duì)?有害 be harmful to警惕 be on guard認(rèn)為某事當(dāng)然 take sth for granted由?組成 be posed of一個(gè)中年婦女 a middleaged women一些性格開(kāi)朗的女孩 an openminded girl一個(gè)意志軟弱的人 a weakminded man一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人 a strongminded soldier遭受 suffer from由于壓力 as a result of stress警告信號(hào) warning signals交通阻塞 traffic jam指出 point out逃離 run away from自殺 mit suicide從事攝影 take up photography高度工業(yè)化國(guó)家 a highly industrialized country工業(yè)生產(chǎn) industrial production制成品 manufactured goods領(lǐng)先 take over the lead失去領(lǐng)先地位 lose one39。s lead赤字 in the red就?而言 as far as ? is concerned易手 change hands賺錢 earn money金融中心 a financial centre貿(mào)易中心 a mercial centre國(guó)際貿(mào)易 international trade外貿(mào) foreign trade商船船隊(duì) a merchant fleet巨額金錢 vast sums of money一大筆錢 a large sum of money對(duì)付，處理 deal with有形貿(mào)易 visible trade無(wú)形貿(mào)易 invisible trade貿(mào)易差額 trade gap失血 loss of blood高度機(jī)械化的工廠 highly mechanized factory產(chǎn)品統(tǒng)一條形碼 universal product code黑白相間的條紋 zebra stripes(or black and white stripes)斑馬線 zebra crossing油炸土豆片 potato chips炸薯?xiàng)l French fries黑白電視機(jī) black and white televisions墨畫 black and white身上青一塊紫一塊 be black and blue光學(xué)掃描器 an optical scanner激光束 laser beam目的是 be designed to消滅，消除 do away with付賬后離開(kāi) check out到達(dá)登記 check in現(xiàn)金出納機(jī) cash register在左邊 on the left side收款臺(tái) check out counter原材料 raw materials制成品 manufactured goods近在手邊 at hand衣夾 clothespeg曬衣繩 clothesline桌布 a tablecloth洗碗布 a dishcloth洗碗機(jī) a dishwasher原始人 primitive people現(xiàn)代人 modern people穿著 be dressed in從?上刮去 scrape?from把?紡成? spin?into?把?制成make?into4000萬(wàn)年前 over four thousand years ago在遠(yuǎn)古時(shí) in the time immemorial富人和窮人一樣 the rich and the poor alike想到 think of剪去 cut off講故事 spin a yarn保守秘密 keep a secret 直接稅 direct taxes間接稅 indirect taxes收入所得稅 ine taxes納稅人 taxpayer稅務(wù)員 taxcollector免稅的 taxfree國(guó)稅 state taxes地方稅 local taxes窮人 the poor富人 the rich年輕人 the young老年人the old高達(dá) as high as以?形勢(shì) in the form of政府機(jī)關(guān) government offices憑借 by means of在某個(gè)星期一的早晨 on a Monday morning在星期一的早晨 on Monday morning乘火車 take train乘公共汽車 take bus布萊克一家 the Blacks向某人道別 say goodbye to say sorry to every few minutes每隔一天 every other day每隔一行 every other line不久以后 shortly afterwards通向 lead to抓牢 hold on to一打雞蛋 a dozen eggs在陽(yáng)光下 in the sun注意 pay attention to繼續(xù)作某事 keep(on)doting好像 as if自信 selfconfidence自信的 selfconfident自大的 selfimportant自助的 selfservice自給自足的 selfsufficient自學(xué)的 selftaught一般的 in general確信 be sure of習(xí)慣于 bee accustomed to抱怨 plain about說(shuō)實(shí)話 tell the truth說(shuō)謊 tell a lie適用于 apply to處理 deal with依賴于 depend on必修課 a required course同?相處 get along with考慮 think about日復(fù)一日 from day to day從始自終 from beginning to end每況愈下 from bad to worse減速 slow down在使用中 in use不再使用 out of use免費(fèi)入場(chǎng) admission free免所得稅 free of ine tax免費(fèi)獲得某物get 再步行一段路即可到達(dá)的距離之內(nèi) within walking distance探知，查明 find out得到以下結(jié)論 e to the conclusion that得出結(jié)論 draw a conclusion交通高峰時(shí)間 rush hours交通擁擠 traffic jams援助計(jì)劃 aid program視覺(jué)教具 visual aids助聽(tīng)器 hearingaid捏粘土 work clay揉面團(tuán) work dough一定數(shù)量的 a certain amount of大量地 in large amounts小額地 in small amounts優(yōu)于 be superior to劣于 be inferior to把?與?相混合 mix?with?把?與?分開(kāi) separate?from把?分成 separate?into用盡 use up表現(xiàn)了?的特點(diǎn) be characteristic of究竟，到底 on earth五大湖區(qū) the Grate Lakes region通知某人某事 inform sb of take advantage of準(zhǔn)備某事 be ready to do within easy reach夠不到 out of reach想出，熟思 think out在人力方面 in terms of manpower在理論上 in terms of theory投資于 invest in以?代替? replace?with?創(chuàng)新進(jìn)步innovational advances大波動(dòng) major f