【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ness because it means that transfer lines cannot produce different parts, even parts from within the same family, without costly and timeconsuming shutdown and reconfiguration. 這是它最為關(guān)鍵的缺點(diǎn)。因?yàn)檫@意味著流水線，在沒有昂貴的、耗時(shí)的停工及重置系統(tǒng)的情況下，不能生產(chǎn)不同的零件，即便是 同一系列 的零件。 Traditionally, CNC machines have been used to produce small volumes of parts that differ slightly in design. 傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控機(jī)床現(xiàn)已被用來生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)中有微小改變的小批量零件。 Such machines are ideal for this purpose because they can be quickly reprogrammed to acmodate minor or even major design changes. However, as independent machines they cannot produce parts in large volumes or at high production rates. 此類機(jī)床基于此是 一種很理想的，因?yàn)樗鼈兡鼙缓芸斓刂匦戮幊桃赃m應(yīng)較小的，甚至主要的設(shè)計(jì)變化。然而，作為單個(gè)機(jī)床是不能以較高的生產(chǎn)率生產(chǎn)大批量零件。 An FMS can handle higher volumes and production rates than independent CNC machines. It cannot quite match such machines for flexibility, but they e close. 柔性制造系統(tǒng)比單個(gè)數(shù)控機(jī)床擁有更高的產(chǎn)量和 生產(chǎn)率 。在適用性方面，它還不能完全匹配此類機(jī)床，但是已很接近。 What is particularly significant about the middle ground capabilities of flexible manufacturing is that most manufacturing situations require medium production rates to produce medium volumes with enough flexibility to quickly reconfigure to produce another part or product. 大多數(shù)生產(chǎn)情形要求中等生產(chǎn)率生產(chǎn)中等產(chǎn)量的產(chǎn)品，并在足夠的適用性下，能很快地重置以生產(chǎn)其他零件或產(chǎn)品。關(guān)于柔性制造技術(shù)的取中能力上，這一點(diǎn)是特別重要的。 Flexible manufacturing fills this longstanding void in manufacturing. 柔性制造填補(bǔ)了制造業(yè)中這一長期存在的空白。 Flexible manufacturing, with its ground capabilities, offers a number of advantages for manufacturers: 柔性制造技術(shù)用它的 優(yōu)勢能力 為制造商提供許多的利益： (1)Flexibility within a family of parts (1)在一系列零件中的適應(yīng)性 (2)Random feeding of parts (2)隨意更換零件 (3)Simultaneous production of different parts (3)同時(shí) 生產(chǎn)不同的零件 (4)Decreased setup time and lead time (4)減少生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間和 生產(chǎn)周期 (5)More efficient machine usage (5)機(jī)床的高效使用 (6)Decreased direct and indirect labor costs (6)減少了直接和間接的勞動(dòng)費(fèi)用 (7) Ability to handle different materials (7) 不同材料的處理能力 (8)Ability to continue some production if one machine breaks down (8)若一臺(tái)機(jī)器 出故障 繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)的能力 見課本 93頁翻譯 Flexible Manufacturing System Components 柔性制造系統(tǒng)的組成 FMS的組成 自動(dòng)倉庫 工廠計(jì)算機(jī) 中央計(jì)算機(jī) 物流控制計(jì)算機(jī) 運(yùn)輸小車 加工單元 1 加工單元 2 加工單元 n 信 息 傳 輸 網(wǎng) 絡(luò) 工夾具站 An FMS has three major ponents: 一個(gè)柔性制造系統(tǒng)有三個(gè)主要的組成部分： (1)Machine tools (1)機(jī)床 (2)Control system (2)控制系統(tǒng) (3)Materials handling system (3)物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng) Machine Tools 機(jī)床 A flexible manufacturing system uses the same types of machine tools as any other manufacturing system, be it automated or manually operated. These include lathes, mills, drills, saws, and so on. The type of machine tools actually included in an FMS depends on the setting in which the machine will be used. 柔性制造系統(tǒng)同任何其他的制造系統(tǒng)一樣，使用相同類型的機(jī)床，是被自動(dòng)控制或用手操作的系統(tǒng)。這些包括車床，磨床，鉆床，插床等等。這種類型的機(jī)床實(shí)際上包含在一個(gè)柔性制造系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，不同之處在于機(jī)床調(diào)用的系統(tǒng)設(shè)置。 Some FMS are designed to meet a specific, welldefined need. In these cases the machine tools included in the system will be only those necessary for the planned operations. Such a system would be known as a dedicated system. 一些柔性制造系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)一種特定的、具有 明確需求 的系統(tǒng)。在這些情況下，系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的機(jī)床將僅僅是為滿足生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃而必需的。這樣的系統(tǒng)就是 專用系統(tǒng) 。 In a jobshop setting, or any other setting in which the actual application is not known ahead of time or must necessarily include a wide range of possibilities , machines capable of performing at least the standard manufacturing operations would be include. Such systems are known as general purpose systems. 在一個(gè)加工車間環(huán)境中（或?qū)嶋H的應(yīng)用環(huán)境中），不能提前知道或必然包含廣泛發(fā)展?jié)摿?，能至少運(yùn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造操作的機(jī)床都在內(nèi)。這樣的系統(tǒng)就是 通用 系統(tǒng)。 Control System 控制系統(tǒng) The control system for an FMS serves a number of different control functions for system: 一個(gè)柔性制造系統(tǒng)的控制系統(tǒng)為系統(tǒng) 提供 不同的控制功能： (1)Storage and distribution of parts programs (1)部件加工程序的存儲(chǔ)和分配 (2)Work flow control and monitoring (2)工作流程的控制和監(jiān)測 (3)Production control (3)生產(chǎn)控制 (4)System/tool control/monitoring (4)系統(tǒng) / 刀具控制 / 監(jiān)測 The control area with the puter running the FMS control system is the center from which all activities in the FMS are controlled and monitored. 計(jì)算機(jī)不斷地運(yùn)行柔性制造系統(tǒng)控制系統(tǒng)作業(yè)的控制區(qū)是所有被控制和監(jiān)測的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的中心。 The FMS control software is rather plicated and sophisticated since it has to carry out many different tasks simultaneously. 柔性制造系統(tǒng)的控制軟件程序是非常 復(fù)雜和精密的 ，由于它必須同時(shí)執(zhí)行許多不同操作任務(wù)。 Despite the considerable research that has been carried out in this area, there is no general answer to designing the functions and architecture of FMS software. 盡管，在這一領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)多的研究，但在柔性制造系統(tǒng)軟件的功能設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)構(gòu)上，還沒有一個(gè)全面的回答。 Some typical functions of a FMS control system are illustrated in . 關(guān)于柔性制造系統(tǒng)的控制系統(tǒng)的一些典型功能見圖 。 The scheduler function involves planning how to produce the current volume of orders in the FMS, considering the c