現(xiàn)代項(xiàng)目管理緒論(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-07 15:49 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 and effectively with and through other people. 管理是對組織的資源進(jìn)行有效整合以達(dá)到組織既定目標(biāo)與責(zé)任的動態(tài)創(chuàng)造性活動。 職能 Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating and Controlling Planning Organizing Leadership Control Change (Organizational Goals) The functions of management Efficiency and effectiveness in management Resource usage Goal attainment Efficiency (Means) Effectiveness (Ends) Low waste High attainment Management Strives for: Low resource waste (high efficiency) High goal attainment (high effectiveness) 管理的理論觀點(diǎn) (Viewpoint) 現(xiàn)代管理理論主要經(jīng)歷了三個發(fā)展階段。 第一階段是 19世紀(jì)末到 20世紀(jì)初形成的“古典管理理論”或“傳統(tǒng)管理理論”。代表人物有： ? Frederick W. Taylor: Principles of Scientific Management ? Henry Fayol: 5 Functions, 14 Principles of Management ? Max Weber: Ideal Bureaucracy ? Frank and Lillian Gilbreth: Bricklaying (therbligs) 第二階段是 20世紀(jì) 20年代開始形成的“行為科學(xué)”或“人際關(guān)系”理論。代表人物有： Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Studies Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs Theory McGregor: Theory X and Theory Y (Theory Z) Herzberg: MotivationHygiene Theory Contemporary Theories of Motivation ThreeNeeds Theory: Need for Achievement。 Need for Power。 Need for Affiliation GoalSetting Theory: The proposition that specific goals increase performance and that difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than do easy goals. Reinforcement Theory: The theory that behavior is a function of its consequences. Designing Motivating Jobs: Job enlargement(job scope)。 Job enrichment(job depth). Job characteristics model(JCM) Equity Theory:The theory that an employee pares his or her job’ s inputsoutes ratio with that of relevant others and then corrects any inequity. Expectancy Theory: The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given oute and on the attractiveness of that oute to the individual. 第三階段是二戰(zhàn)以后發(fā)展起來的現(xiàn)代管理理論。包括： 管理過程學(xué)派 (Harold Koontz) 經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義學(xué)派 (Peter F. Drucker。 Ernest Dale。 Alfred P. Sloan, Jr.) 社會系統(tǒng)學(xué)派 (Chester I. Barnard) 決策理論學(xué)派 (H. A. Simon) 系統(tǒng)管理學(xué)派 (Fremont E. Kast。 James E. Rosenzwig) 權(quán)變理論學(xué)派 管理科學(xué)學(xué)派 Project management is the application of knowledge , skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a project. Meeting or exceeding stakeholder needs and expectations invariably involves balancing peting demands among: scope, time, cost, and quality. Stakeholders with differing needs and expectations. Identified requirements(needs) and unidentified requirements (expectations). A Guide to the Project Managemen
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